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100 Incredible Anthropology Lectures Online | Best Colleges Online
If you’ve been inspired by an anthropology course to learn more about the subject, there are a wide range of free materials out there that can can help you to do so. Here are 100 anthropology lectures that will help you learn more about human culture, history and our nearest relatives in the animal kingdom.
AAA (American Anthropological Association) Publication Style Guide
AAA uses The Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition, 2003) and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th edition, 2006). This guide is an outline of style rules basic to our journal editing. Where no rule is present in this guide, follow Chicago. In Webster’s, use the first spelling if there is a choice and use American (rather than British) spellings. This guide does not apply to newsletters, which deviate frequently from these guidelines in the interest of space and tend to follow many Associated Press style rules.
Types of opportunities included on the Bulletin Board: Awards and prizes, AAA Annual Meeting, Grants and fellowships (student funding), Field schools, Calls for papers (meetings and publications), Collaboration opportunities, Meeting announcements, General announcements, Suggest a new category
Anthropologists work in many parts of the world in close personal association with the peoples and situations they study. Their professional situation is, therefore, uniquely varied and complex. They are involved with their discipline, their colleagues, their students, their sponsors, their subjects, their own and host governments, the particular individuals and groups with whom they do their fieldwork, other populations and interest groups in the nations within which they work, and the study of processes and issues affecting general human welfare. In a field of such complex involvements, misunderstandings, conflicts, and the necessity to make choices among conflicting values are bound to arise and to generate ethical dilemmas. It is a prime responsibility of anthropologists to anticipate these and to plan to resolve them in such a way as to do damage neither to those whom they study nor, insofar as possible, to their scholarly community.
Abu Simbel - Egypt State Information Service
Not only are the two temples at Abu Simbel among the most magnificent monuments in the world but their removal and reconstruction was an historic event in itself. When the temples (280 km from Aswan) were threatened by submersion in Lake Nasser, due to the construction of the High Dam, the Egyptian Government secured the support of UNESCO and launched a world wide appeal.
Abusir - Czech Institute of Egyptology
Abusir, one of the large cemeteries of the Old Kingdom Kings, the famous pyramid builders, is located approximately 30 km to the south of Cairo, on the western bank of the Nile at the very edge of the desert. To the east, the site is delimited by the fertile Nile valley, which swarms with life, to the west by the Libyan Desert which has since antiquity been a symbol of death and forgetfulness, the realm of the dead. The sharp transition between these two extremes is a kind of gate, a link between the world of the living and that of the dead. And precisely here, at this transitory site, Egyptian cemeteries were founded.
The monuments of the Acropolis have withstood the ravages of past centuries, both of ancient times and those of the Middle Ages. Until the 17th century, foreign travellers visiting the monuments depicted the classical buildings as being intact. This remained the case until the middle of the same century, when the Propylaia was blown up while being used as a gunpowder store. Thirty years later, the Ottoman occupiers dismantled the neighbouring Temple of Athena Nike to use its materials to strengthen the fortification of the Acropolis. Today, the new Acropolis Museum has a total area of 25,000 square meters, with exhibition space of over 14,000 square meters, ten times more than that of the old museum on the Hill of the Acropolis. The new Museum offers all the amenities expected in an international museum of the 21st century.
Aksum - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
The ruins of the ancient city of Aksum are found close to Ethiopia's northern border. They mark the location of the heart of ancient Ethiopia, when the Kingdom of Aksum was the most powerful state between the Eastern Roman Empire and Persia. The massive ruins, dating from between the 1st and the 13th century A.D., include monolithic obelisks, giant stelae, royal tombs and the ruins of ancient castles. Long after its political decline in the 10th century, Ethiopian emperors continued to be crowned in Aksum.
Alaska Native Knowledge Network
The Alaska Native Knowledge Network (ANKN) is an AKRSI partner designed to serve as a resource for compiling and exchanging information related to Alaska Native knowledge systems and ways of knowing. It has been established to assist Native people, government agencies, educators and the general public in gaining access to the knowledge base that Alaska Natives have acquired through cumulative experience over millennia.
American Anthropological Association - Grants, Fellowships & Support Listings
A listing of grants, fellowships and other support for anthropologists.
American Archaeology: The Archaeological Conservancy
The Archaeological Conservancy, established in 1980, is the only national non-profit organization dedicated to acquiring and preserving the best of our nation's remaining archaeological sites. Based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the Conservancy also operates regional offices in Mississippi, Maryland, Ohio, and California. (Southeastern Office: Jessica Crawford, jessicac@gmi.net)
American Cultural Resources Association
ACRA is a non-profit trade association that supports the business needs of the diverse cultural resource management industry. Our more than 140 ACRA members represent all aspects of the cultural resource industry including historic preservation, history, archaeology, architectural history, historical architecture, landscape architecture and specialty subfields such as geoarchaeology, soil science, and ethnobotany.
American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation - An Intercultural Partnership
The American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation is a non-federally funded, not-for-profit organization founded in 1992 by Elizabeth Sackler. The Foundation assisted in the repatriation of ceremonial materials to American Indian people for more than fifteen years, and continue to be committed to educating students and the public about the importance of repatriation.
American Museum of Natural History: Anthropology Division
The Division of Anthropology is dedicated to the study of human culture and biology. It was established in 1873, only four years after the founding of the museum. One of the Anthropology Division's most important missions is the preservation of, and access to, the archaeological, ethnological, and physical anthropology collections, assembled from around the world by Museum personnel from the time the Museum's founding to the present day. The collections include more than 500,000 objects from cultures in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and the Greater North Pacific region. They are irreplaceable cultural documents that provide a window into the lives of the people who produced them, and they are resources to be used again and again as new questions are asked about the human experience.
Ancient Indus Valley and the British Raj in India and Pakistan
Glimpses of South Asia before 1947 1,169 illustrated pages by the world's leading Ancient Indus Civilization scholars 774 photographs, postcards, lithographs, engravings, and old film of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka before 1947
Roman city in southeastern France. Site includes a virtual museum and tours.
The Ancient World Mapping Center promotes cartography, historical geography and geographic information science as essential disciplines within the field of ancient studies through innovative and collaborative research, teaching, and community outreach activities.
Andaman Association, Lonely Islands - The Andamanese
This Web-site tries to limit itself (if "limit" is quite the right word for our cheerfully open-ended approach) to the time between 100,000 to 10,000 years ago.This period is also known as the Late Pleistocene or Ice Age. We have permitted ourselves stray exursions beyond the self-imposed time limits, provided they are relevant to our subject. Within those limits, our four major areas of interest are: 1. Andamanese Negrito people 2. Other Asian Negrito people (the Thai, Malaysian and Philippine Negritos as well as some Sri Lankan, Indian and Southeast Asian Negrito-like tribes 3. Ancient tribal people world-wide: we are interested in people anywhere in the world that may be as ancient as the Negrito are suspected to be. Such people are the Veddoid in Asia, the Khoisan and the Pygmies in Africa, the Australian aborigines, the Tasmanians, the Papuans, the Melanesians, the Austronesians, the Fuegians as well as some other populations, extinct and living.
Anthropology and the Environment Section of the American Anthropological Association
Welcome to the home page of anthropologists interested in ecology, the environment, and environmentalism. We are part of the American Anthropological Association, the professional society of American anthropologists. We welcome members from countries worldwide.
Anthropology Biographies at the EMuseum @ Minnesota State University Mankato
This biography web has been developed by the anthropology students at Minnesota State University, Mankato as a part of our EMuseum. We strive to produce brief descriptions of anthropologists and other scientists that have direct influence on the discipline of anthropology. This is by no means a comprehensive list, but we are continuing to add and it grows each semester. Feel free to suggest names in our comment section (use the 'Help' button) for any future people you would like to see included. We presently have biographies on 845 people who have influenced anthropology in some way. We are adding new ones all the time.
APA Formatting and Style Guide: Reference List: Electronic Sources - The OWL at Purdue
This resource was written by David Neyhart and Erin Karper. Additional material by Kristen Seas & Tony Russell.. Last full revision by Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Elizabeth Angeli, Kristen Moore, and Michael Anderson. Last edited by Allen Brizee on September 8th 2009 at 2:55PM
Archaeologica began as no more than a topic on a bulletin board in 1998 "Archaeological News". The news topic quickly developed a widespread readership outside of the community. On April 23, 2000 Archaeologica was independently openned on the WWW. Michelle Hilling, a long-time "hunter gatherer of news stories" officially teamed up with Claire Warren as her partner at Archaeologica. The women each devote much of their time gathering news stories of archaeological and historical interest from around the world and bringing them together for the News Page at Archaeologica. Since it's independent release in 2000, Archaeologica has become a widely read and respected news resource on the internet. In it's first year, Archaeologica was selected by Forbes Magazine in their "Best of the Web" 2001 issue. Archaeologica also recieved radio air play in the Gulf of Mexico region on Live 365, was selected as the Site of the Day by Mastersite and made the top 5% at Anthrotech's virtual library.
Archaeological Institute of America
The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is North America's oldest and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology with nearly 250,000 members and subscribers belonging to more than 100 local AIA societies in the United States, Canada, and overseas, united by a shared passion for archaeology and its role in furthering human knowledge
Archaeological Institute of America - Search for Fieldwork Opportunities
Fieldwork opportunities are submitted by project directors or staff members. The AIA does not sponsor any of the projects. When evaluating a project, be sure to contact the project director or designated contact with any questions you might have about conditions, travel, logistics, local environment, etc. Don’t hesitate to ask for specific details about the projects or for references from previous participants or colleagues. If you are still unsure, ask your own instructors and/or professors to help you evaluate and select a project that will be of the greatest benefit to you.
Archaeological Sites at the EMuseum @ Minnesota State University Mankato
A database of introductory information on archaeology sites from around the world.
Since the first trowel unearthed the first stone tool, archaeologists have sought to arrange sites and artifacts in the order in which they appeared. The first problem encountered when trying to determine the date of an ancient object is that in prehistoric times there were no written records to document the cultures of the past, so archaeologists relied on a system of relative dating to put things into context. In relative dating, a series of techniques are used that compares artifacts to determine which is older. Paleolimnology involves some of the relative dating techniques used. Unfortunately, relative dating techniques give us no idea of the actual age of an artifact or site.
archaeologyfieldwork.com :: Index
A forum with job listings, resume posting, a students’ corner, and other resources.
ArchNet - WWW Virtual Library - Archaeology
Welcome to ArchNet, the World Wide Web Virtual Library of Archaeology. The ArchNet website is designed to promote appreciation, understanding, and knowledge about archaeology and the preservation and interpretation of cultural resources, both prehistoric and historic. As you browse through ArchNet you are invited to discover links to thousands of web presentations devoted to archaeology, ancient sites, and artifact studies. The content of these presentations is not stored within ArchNet, rather the ArchNet web site provides indexes, searches, and links to this growing body of diverse educational resources. ArchNet is a free educational service open to the public, students, and researchers. You need not register to use the site. We provide an index, search capabilites, and also a basic guide to ArchNet, along with a frequently asked questions section.
Containing millions of collection records and close to 580 000 images from hundreds of museums across the country, this resource is used by national and international heritage professionals to research and discover the fascinating world of Canadian cultural and natural collections. Records with images are made more publicly accessible in the Virtual Museum of Canada’s Image Gallery.
Association for Africanist Anthropology (AfAA)
The purpose of the Association for Africanist Anthropology (AFAA) shall be to stimulate, strengthen, and advance anthropology by promoting the study of Africa, as well as Africanist scholarship and the professional interests of Africanist anthropologists in the U.S., and both in and outside of the African Continent.
Association for Environmental Archaeology
The AEA promotes the advancement of the study of human interaction with the environment in the past through archaeology and related disciplines. We hold annual conferences and other meetings, produce a quarterly newsletter for members, and publish our conference monographs, as well as our journal - Environmental Archaeology: The journal of human palaeoecology. AEA membership is open to all those actively involved or interested in any aspect of environmental archaeology.
Association for Feminist Anthropology
Phoenix, 1988: The meeting room was filled to capacity, mostly women, a few men, many of whose names were associated with the first published efforts to bring, in the beginning, an "anthropology of women" and later a feminist and gendered anthropology to the discipline. These anthropologists, their students, and others like-minded, under the leadership of the AFA's first Chair, Carole Hill, gave a unanimous vote to the establishment of the Association for Feminist Anthropology. The first few years of the AFA saw the establishment of several central themes that continue to form the core of members' interests. The late Sylvia Forman, a founding member of AFA, came up with the idea of "Working Commissions" as a way to organize and link feminist academic and policy work.
Association of Black Anthropologists
The Association of Black Anthropologists (ABA) was founded in 1977. ABA publishes the journal Transforming Anthropology and currently has two projects: The Vera Green Publication Award and the Gwaltney Scholarship Fund.
Association of Latina and Latino Anthropologists
The goals of ALLA are to promote research and distribute information on Latinos in the United States. It will stimulate dialogue in academic and other circles about Latino community objectives and realities encouraging respect for indigenous and insider views, encouraging the participation of community leaders, non-academic anthropologists and others, and in the process, provide information to the public about these objectives, and form affiliations and coalition with other professional groups with similar interests.
The American School of Classical Studies has been excavating in the area of the Athenian Agora since 1931, bringing to light the history of the area over a period of 5000 years. Finds range from scattered pieces of pottery of the late Neolithic period (ca. 3000 BC) to the contents of 19th and early 20th century basements. The Agora of the 5th and 4th centuries BC has been the main focus of attention. Scholars have identified the often scanty material remains on the basis of ancient references to the Agora as the center of civic activity of ancient Athens. Public documents inscribed on stone, weight and measure standards, and jurors' identification tickets and ballots reflect the administrative nature of the site, while traces of private dwellings in the area immediately bordering the open square, with their household pottery and other small finds, throw light on the everyday lives of Athenian citizens.
Aztec Ruins National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
Follow ancient passageways to a distant time. Explore West Ruin, a center of ancestral Pueblo society that once housed over 500 masonry rooms. Look up and see original timbers holding up the roof. Search for the fingerprints of ancient workers in the stucco walls. Listen for an echo of ritual drums in the reconstructed “Great Kiva.” Adventure into the past.
Bandelier National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
Bandelier has a long human history and links to the modern Pueblos. Traditions which began in the distant past are still practiced today. At Bandelier, evidence of the Ancestral Pueblo people can be found in the dwellings, artifacts, and continuing culture of the modern pueblos. Early Spanish settlers, the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC), and the National Park Service also left their mark on the local landscape.
Becoming Human: Paleoanthropology, Evolution and Human Origins
The Institute of Human Origins' (IHO) interactive online documentary, glossary and other resources on human evolutionary history. IHO conducts, interprets and publicizes scientific research on the human career. IHO’s unique approach brings together scientists from diverse disciplines to develop integrated, bio-behavioral investigations of human evolution. Through research, education, and the sponsorship of scholarly interaction, IHO advances scientific understanding of our origins and its contemporary relevance. Combining interdisciplinary expertise and targeted funding, IHO fosters the pursuit of integrated solutions to the most important questions regarding the course, cause and timing of events in human evolution.
The importance of Blackwater Draw was first recognized in 1929 by Ridgely Whiteman of Clovis, New Mexico. The Blackwater Locality No. 1 Site (located within Blackwater Draw near Portales, New Mexico) is one of the most well known and significant sites in North American archaeology. Early investigations at Blackwater Draw recovered evidence of a human occupation in association with Late Pleistocene fauna, including Columbian mammoth, camel, horse, bison, sabertooth cat and dire wolf.
Bradshaw Foundation - Rock Art Cave Paintings Archaeology Anthropology
The Bradshaw Foundation provides an online learning resource. Its main areas of focus are archaeology, anthropology and genetic research, and its primary objective is to discover, document and preserve ancient rock art around the world, and promote the study of early mankind’s artistic achievements. The Foundation funds preservation projects around the world, scientific research and research publication. The Foundation carries out its work in collaboration with UNESCO, the Royal Geographic Society, the National Geographic Society, the Rock Art Research Institute in South Africa and the Trust for African Rock Art to ensure that the programs achieve maximum impact. It is a privately funded, non-profit organisation based in Geneva.
According to archaeological finds, the city of Cahokia was inhabited from about A.D. 700 to 1400. At its peak, from A.D. 1050 to 1200, the city covered nearly six square miles and 10,000 to 20,000 people lived here. Over 120 mounds were built over time, and most of the mounds were enlarged several times. Houses were arranged in rows and around open plazas, and vast agricultural fields lay outside the city. The site is named for the Cahokia subtribe of the Illiniwek (or Illinois tribe, a loose confederacy of related peoples), who moved into the area in the 1600s. They were living nearby when the French arrived about 1699. Sometime in the mid-1800s, local historians suggested the site be called "Cahokia" to honor these later arrivals. Archaeological investigations and scientific tests, mostly since the 1920s and especially since the 1960s, have provided what is known of the once-thriving community.
Canadian Museum of Civilization
The Corporation's primary responsibilities are the management of Canada's national museum of human history, the Canadian Museum of Civilization (CMC), Canada's national museum of military heritage, the Canadian War Museum (CWM), and a virtual museum on the Web, the Museum of New France (VMNF). The Canadian Museum of Civilization is recognized as one of the premier cultural facilities of the twentieth century, and is home to the Canadian Postal Museum, the Canadian Children's Museum, and an IMAX® theatre. It houses more than 3.75 million artifacts spanning the disciplines of history, archaeology, folk culture, ethnology, postal communications and various other areas of heritage study. Formed in 1880 around a local collection of Canadian Militia battlefield mementoes, the Canadian War Museum has since become Canada's national museum of military history. On May 8, 2005 the Museum reopened in a stunning new building on LeBreton Flats.
Canyon de Chelly National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
Reflecting one of the longest continuously inhabited landscapes of North America, the cultural resources of Canyon de Chelly include distinctive architecture, artifacts, and rock imagery while exhibiting remarkable preservation integrity that provides outstanding opportunities for study and contemplation. Canyon de Chelly also sustains a living community of Navajo people, who are connected to a landscape of great historical and spiritual significance. Canyon de Chelly is unique among National Park service units, as it is comprised entirely of Navajo Tribal Trust Land that remains home to the canyon community. NPS works in partnership with the Navajo Nation to manage park resources and sustain the living Navajo community.
The Fremont people lived throughout Utah and adjacent areas of Idaho, Colorado and Nevada from 700 to 1300 AD. The culture was named for the Fremont River and its valley in which many of the first Fremont sites were discovered. The Fremont were a Puebloid group who had strong cultural affiliations with their better-known contemporaries, the Anasazi. While the Anasazi built cliff dwellings, the Fremont often lived in pit houses (dug into the ground and covered with a brush roof), wickiups (brush and log huts) and natural rockshelters. Their social structure was composed of small, loosely organized bands consisting of several families. They were closely tied to nature and were flexible, diverse and adaptive -- often making changes in their lifeways as social or environmental changes occured.
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
"Carnegie Museum of Natural History conducts scientific inquiry, generates knowledge, and promotes stewardship of the Earth. Through public engagement, we share the joy of discovery about the processes that shape the diversity of our world and its inhabitants." Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh In 1895, Pittsburgh industrialist Andrew Carnegie established Carnegie Institute to help people improve their lives through educational and cultural experiences. His founding ideals are now embodied in a collective of four distinctive museums: Carnegie Museum of Art, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Science Center, and The Andy Warhol Museum. These four institutions comprise Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh.
Carthage was founded as a Phoenician colony near modern Tunis. After the fall of its mother-city Tyre in 575, Carthage became the leader of the Phoenician colonies in the west and founded an informal but powerful empire, which is known for its almost perennial struggle against the Greeks of Sicily and the Romans. In the First Punic War (264-241; the greatest war in Antiquity), the Carthaginians lost Sicily to the Romans, and although their general Hannibal Barca tried to reverse the situation in a Second Punic War, the decline had already started. The Romans sacked Carthage in 146 after a Third Punic War, but later, they refounded the city, which again became prosperous.
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
Casa Grande Ruins National Monument preserves an ancient Hohokam farming community and "Great House." Created as the nation’s first archeological reserve in 1892, the site was declared a National Monument in 1918 “in order that better provision may be made for the protection, preservation and care of the ruins and the ancient buildings and other objects of prehistoric interest thereon.”
CAST - Archaeological and Historical Preservation Research
The Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies (CAST), located at the University of Arkansas, focuses on research, education, outreach, and applications in geomatics, including GIS, geospatial analysis and modeling, high density survey, enterprise spatial databases, remote sensing, digital photogrammetry, geospatial interoperability and other areas. Much of CAST's research efforts involve new approaches to spatial data and the development of new methodologies for analysis of these data.
Center for the Study of the First Americans
The Center for the Study of the First Americans explores the questions surrounding the peopling of the Americas. The Center pursues research, education, and public outreach. Research: The Center develops new knowledge regarding PaleoAmerican origins, human dispersal, settlement, and cultural and biological development that occurred during the late Pleistocene. Education: The Center trains students who will go on to continue First Americans research. Outreach: The Center disseminates the results of academic research into the first Americans to the general public through our publications.
Chaco Culture preserves a very special chapter in human history and is comprised of several sites - Chaco Culture National Historical Park, Aztec Ruins National Monument and five units administered by the Bureau of Land Management: Twin Angels, Casamero, Kin Nizhoni, Pierre's Site, and Halfway House. Between AD 850 and 1250, Chaco Canyon was a major center of ancestral Puebloan culture. Many diverse clans and peoples helped to create a ceremonial, trade, and administrative center whose architecture, social organization and community life was unlike anything before or since.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park
Chaco Canyon was an important Anasazi (ancient Native American) cultural center from about 900 through 1130 AD. About 30 ancient masonry buildings, containing hundreds of rooms each, attest to Chaco's importance. Some structures are thought to serve as astronomical observatories or calendars. Archaeologists discovered jewelry made from Mexican and Californian materials in ancient trash heaps. Large well-constructed roadways thought to be built for pilgrims, subjects, or traders, lead from sites 50 miles away to the center of Chaco Canyon. In a very real sense, all roads lead to Chaco.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Chaco Canyon was a major center of Puebloan culture between AD 850 and 1250. The Chacoan sites are part of the homeland of Pueblo Indian peoples of New Mexico, the Hopi Indians of Arizona, and the Navajo Indians of the Southwest.
Chan Chan Revive! {Non-English}
Chan Chan is a cultural symbol of Peru, which links the past with the present and play crucial role in human development in the region and country. Conservation and presentation contribute to the integral value of the monument and its context, and to strengthening the cultural identity of the Peruvian community. The site management is characterized by the implementation of planned activities, harmonious and sustainable balance between research and conservation, the use of social and human development, and involves the commitment of public and private sectors in such actions to ensure future Complex.
Chasseur de la Préhistoire. L'Homme de Tautavel il y a 450 000 ans.
The Arago cave (or "Caune", as it is also called) is one of the largest karstic caves in the southern Corbières region. The cave is located high up, overlooking the Tautavel Valley, and offering an unparalleled view of the surroundings. This observation post must have been ideal for prehistoric hunters, who could thus watch the movements of game. In addition, the Verdouble, flowing at the foot of the cliff, was a watering place where animals came to drink - thus offering an obvious advantage to the people of Tautavel. Near the former entrance to the cave, a path provided easy access to another hunting area: the plateau, located above the cave.
The point of this web site is to introduce you to the site of Chavín de Huántar through virtual reality and a variety of photographs integrated within that experience, and help you ponder some of the big questions that archaeologists face with such data. Chavín de Huántar is located in Peru, 250 km to the north of Lima, and has long been a site of public interest and archaeological inquiry.
Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide - Ohio State University Libraries
This guide is based on the The Chicago Manual of Style 15th ed. rev. (University of Chicago Press, 2003). Examples are shown for both the Author-Date style of citation recommended for natural sciences and social sciences, as well as the Notes-Bibliography style used for fine arts, history, literature, etc.
Chichen-Itza - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
This sacred site was one of the greatest Mayan centres of the Yucatán peninsula. Throughout its nearly 1,000-year history, different peoples have left their mark on the city. The Maya and Toltec vision of the world and the universe is revealed in their stone monuments and artistic works. The fusion of Mayan construction techniques with new elements from central Mexico make Chichen-Itza one of the most important examples of the Mayan-Toltec civilization in Yucatán. Several buildings have survived, such as the Warriors’ Temple, El Castillo and the circular observatory known as El Caracol.
Cleveland Museum of Natural History
The mission statement for The Cleveland Museum of Natural History: To inspire, through science and education, a passion for nature, the protection of natural diversity, the fostering of health, and leadership to a sustainable future.
Colonial Williamsburg Official Site
The Department of Archaeological Research conducts original research on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century colonial archaeology and material culture, including but not limited to studies of urbanization, community development, and zooarchaeological method. The Department is involved in extensive public education, historic preservation activities, archaeological excavations in support of museum-related or other programs, and inter-disciplinary grant-supported studies, including major multi-year assessments of Jamestown Island and Yorktown in cooperation with the National Park Service.
Welcome to PAPAC, the Proyecto Arqueologico para la Planificacion de la Antigua Copan, or in English "The Copan Urban Planning Project." We operate in cooperation with the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History and are funded by the Colgate University Research Council, Colgate University Department of Sociology and Anthropology, and the Committee for Research and Exploration at the National Geographic Society.
Since 1988 a research team from the Mediterranean Section of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania has been involved in making a computerized archit ectural and topographical survey of the Roman colony of Corinth. Known as the Corinth Computer Project, the field work has been carried out under the auspices of the Corinth Excavations of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Dr. Charles K. Williams II, Director. The original objectives were to study the nature of the city planning process during the Roman period at Corinth; to gain a more precise idea of the order of accuracy of the Roman surveyor; and to create a highly accurate computer generated map of the ancient city whereby one could discriminate between and study the successive chronological phases of the city's development.
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center
The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, located in southwestern Colorado, is dedicated to understanding, teaching, and preserving the rich history of the ancestral Pueblo Indians (also called the Anasazi) who inhabited the canyons and mesas of the Mesa Verde region more than 700 years ago. The area has one of the densest concentrations of well-preserved archaeological sites in the world, attracting the interest of archaeologists, and capturing the imagination of the public, for well over 100 years.
Crystal River Archaeological State Park » Florida State Parks
A National Historic Landmark, this 61-acre, pre-Columbian, Native American site has burial mounds, temple/platform mounds, a plaza area, and a substantial midden. The six-mound complex is one of the longest continuously occupied sites in Florida. For 1,600 years the site served as an imposing ceremonial center for Native Americans. People traveled to the complex from great distances to bury their dead and conduct trade. It is estimated that as many as 7,500 Native Americans may have visited the complex every year.
The city of Cusco, the ancient capital of the Incan Empire, was placed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO in 1983, and is without a doubt one of the most important destinations in Peru. There are Incan buildings waiting for you to discover them among its cobble-stoned streets, ones like the Koricancha and the palace of Inca Roca as well as Andean Baroque structures from the Colonial Period like the Cathedral and the Church of the Company of Christ. In addition, you can visit the picturesque neighborhood of San Blas where the best artisans in the department have set up their workshops. This magical city also has an exciting nightlife with cafes, restaurants, and bars for all tastes. Just ten minutes away from the city, there are the massive walls of the Sacsayhuamán fortress, and a few kilometers from there, you find the archeological sites of Qenko, Pukapukara, and Tambomachay, Incan buildings constructed completely with stone.
Results of excavations at this site formed the basis for definition of a long-lived "Desert Culture" which existed in the Great Basin area. Earliest cave stratus (c. 9500-9000 BC) is characterized by crude chipped stone artifacts; Zone II (c.8000-7000 BC) by milling stones, basketry, and notched projectile points characteristic of the Desert Culture; and Zones III, IV, and V (c. 7000 BC-500 AD) by materials showing an elaboration of the same culture.
Dickson Mounds Museum, Lewistown
The Dickson Mounds Museum, a branch of the Illinois State Museum and a National Historic Site, is one of the major on-site archaeological museums in the United States. It offers a unique opportunity to explore the world of the American Indian in an awe inspiring journey through 12,000 years of human experience in the Illinois River Valley.
This dictionary decodes abbreviations and acronyms found in various publications including maps and websites. These abbreviations or acronyms, therefore, are not necessarily authoritative or standardized in format or content.
From 1997 to 2003 the UCLA Cultural Virtual Reality Laboratory (CVR Lab) created a digital model of the Roman Forum as it appeared in late antiquity. The notional date of the model is June 21, 400 A.D. From 2002 to 2005, with generous support from the National Science Foundation, the CVRLab was able to create this Web site about the digital Forum model. The purposes of this site are to use the Internet to permit free use and easy viewing of the digital model by people all over the world; to provide documentation for the archaeological evidence and theories utilized to create the model; and to offer basic information about the individual features comprising the digital model so that their history and cultural context can be readily understood.
Neolithic lakeside settlements are documented and studied from the mid 19th century primarily at the Alpine region. Many excavation programs have been conducted ever since in Germany, France, Switzerland, etc. Though it is certain that Greek lakes also provided an advantageous environment for Neolithic populations to settle and the existence of such settlements is documented in several lakes of Northern and Central Greece, Dispilio is the first one being excavated.
Documentary Educational Resources
Documentary Educational Resources is a non-profit organization founded in 1968 and incorporated in 1971 for the purpose of producing and distributing cross-cultural documentary film for educational use. We were early innovators in developing 16mm film and media based curriculum for classroom use. Our company focus then and now is to support filmmakers who have long-term commitments to the people that they film. We find that filmmakers who work collaboratively with their subjects produce film with integrity. It is also our focus to distribute media that has the power to overcome barriers to cross-cultural understanding. Media can be the first step in growing sensitivity and awareness of other cultures. This in turn may lead to tolerance and acceptance and eventually give way to appreciation and admiration of other cultures.
Earthwatch Institute - Research Support
Earthwatch is one of the largest private funders of scientific field research. Each year, we support as many as 100 field research projects with grants, and provide as many as 3,500 volunteer field assistants to scientists conducting research around the world. Earthwatch support not only provides scientists with valuable people-hours of data collection, it also helps scientists communicate the importance of their work to motivated volunteers who in turn share their experiences with friends and family. Currently supported projects include everything from measuring the release of greenhouse gasses in the Arctic to preserving the ancient culture of Fijian seafarers to studying the crocodiles of the Zambezi River, and range across ecosystems as diverse as Brazil's Pantanal, the Greek Mediterranean, and the Mongolian steppe.
El Mirador - Global Heritage Fund
Mirador Archaeological and Wildlife Preserve is a proposed 525,100 acre protected area located in the heart of the Maya Biosphere in northern Guatemala. Mirador is home to the earliest and largest Preclassic Maya archeological sites in Mesoamerica, including the largest pyramid in the world- La Danta. Experts describe the Mirador as the Cradle of Maya Civilization. According to the World Wildlife Fund, the Maya Biosphere has lost 70% of its forests in the last ten years. Establishment of the Mirador Archaeological and Wildlife Preserve is our last chance to protect the last remaining forests of the Maya Biosphere from total environmental catastrophe (see cover showing 2000-2005 fires in red).
Emerald Mound: Ancient Architects of the Mississippi
Emerald Mound, one of the largest ceremonial mounds in the United States, is a flat-topped earthen structure that rises 35 feet high on eight acres along the Natchez Trace Parkway. Given to the National Park Service in 19s50, in 1989 it became a National Historic Landmark. At its zenith, Emerald likely hosted large religious and civic rituals. On either end of the platform are secondary flat-topped mounds, probably the bases of a temple and residence of a priest or ruler. Early drawings suggest that three smaller mounds flanked the sides. Emerald was built and occupied between 1250 and 1600 AD by the ancestors of the Natchez people.
EMuseum @ Minnesota State University Mankato
The EMuseum at Minnesota State University, Mankato is a completely virtual museum: we have no material collections but instead create and post exhibits and information via our webpage on the Internet. The EMuseum is affiliated with the Anthropology Department at Minnesota State University, Mankato and receives financial and other support from the Department, the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, the University, and several private individuals. We are a student-run organization with professional oversight.
Encyclopedia Mythica: mythology, folklore, and religion.
Please enter the award-winning internet encyclopedia of mythology, folklore, and religion. Here you will find everything from A-gskw to Zveda Vechanyaya, with plenty in between. The mythology section is divided to six geographical regions: Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Middle East, and Oceania. Each region has many clearly defined subdivisions that will ease your search. The Folklore section contains general folklore, Arthurian legends, and fascinating folktales from many lands. In addition, we feature special interest areas to enhance and refine your research. A Bestiary, legendary heroes, an image gallery, and genealogical tables of various pantheons and prominent houses. To bring our entities to life, we have created an image gallery, where you will find hundreds of images of all kinds of deities, heroes, and strange creatures of every description. The encyclopedia will serve the serious researcher, the student, and the casual reader with equal success.
Evolution of Evolution - 150 Years of Darwin's "On the Origin of Species"
The National Science Foundation created this resource with an excellent overview of evolutionary theory over the last 150 years. This online exhibit features a timeline of events, videos, images, and essays by scientists, such as Tim White and Ken Weiss. The online exhibit covers these areas of evolutionary science: Anthropology, Geosciences, Astronomy, Charles Darwin, Biology, and Polar Sciences.
Exploring Ancient World Cultures
Exploring Ancient World Cultures (EAWC) is an on-line course supplement for students and teachers of the ancient and medieval worlds. It features its own essays and primary texts. Over time it will include chapter-length histories for each of the eight "cultures" represented: The Near East, India, Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Early Islam and Medieval Europe. Chapters on Rome, Greece and Medieval Europe will be appearing soon. In addition, to its own resources, EAWC also includes a substantial index of internet sites, divided into five sub-indices: a chronology, an essay index, an image index, an internet site index and an electronic text index. Each sub-index is divided into sections, including one for each of the cultures represented. We have included directions for using the internet index on the index's main page.
Florida Museum of Natural History
The Florida Museum of Natural History is Florida's state museum of natural history, dedicated to understanding, preserving and interpreting biological diversity and cultural heritage.
Few, if any, sites can compare with this bison killing and processing area in the contributions it has made to the advance of knowledge about prehistoric humans in the Western Hemisphere. Dating to about 8285 B.C., it is the type site of the Folsom Culture. In 1926, scientists made the dramatic find of flint spear points embedded in the ribs of an extinct species of bison, confirming what had previously been only suspected regarding the early advent of humans in America.
The Old Kingdom Giza Necropolis (dating from about 2500 BCE) is the site of thousands of tombs, temples, and ancient artifacts. With this Web site the Giza Archives Project staff seeks to provide a comprehensive online resource for scholarly research on Giza.
Guide to Anthropological Fieldnotes and Manuscripts in Archival Repositories
This guide provides the location of more than 850 anthropological collections in non-Smithsonian archives. A complementary publication, Guide to the Collections of the National Anthropological Archives, describes an additional 640 collections in the Smithsonian's anthropological archives. Many anthropologists have donated their fieldnotes and professional papers to more than one archival repository; when the National Anthropological Archives is one of them, NAA appears in the entry. A directory of records of anthropological expeditions, field schools, conferences and associations follows the list of personal papers.
During the Paleo-Indian to Early Archaic Periods (12,000-6,000 BC), prehistoric Indian populations came here to exploit the lithic resources of the area to manufacture projectile points and stone tools; these activities created stratified cultural deposits as much as four feet in depth. This site has played a significant role in the development of archeological method and theory, by advancing knowledge and understanding of the sequential development of prehistoric cultures in the eastern United States, particularly with regard to the earliest periods of human occupation.
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre, Alberta
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is known around the world as a remarkable testimony of prehistoric life. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump bears witness to a custom practiced by native people of the North American plains for nearly 6000 years. Thanks to their excellent understanding of topography and of bison behavior, they killed bison by chasing them over a precipice and subsequently carving up the carcasses in the camp below. In 1981, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated the jump as a World Heritage Site placing it among other world attractions such as the Egyptian pyramids, Stonehenge and the Galapagos Islands. For more information, consult www.unesco.org
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, funded by the Heilbrunn Foundation, New Tamarind Foundation, and Zodiac Fund, is a chronological, geographical, and thematic exploration of the history of art from around the world, as illustrated especially by the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection. The Museum's curatorial, conservation, and education staff—the largest team of art experts anywhere in the world—research and write the Timeline, which is an invaluable reference and research tool for students, educators, scholars, and anyone interested in the study of art history and related subjects. First launched in 2000, the Timeline now extends from prehistory to the present day. It will continue to expand in scope and depth, and also reflect the most up-to-date scholarship.
Hopeton Earthworks and Hopewell Culture
Although the Hopewell mounds and earthworks of Ross County, Ohio have been well known to the scientific community for more than 150 years, many basic questions have yet to be answered about the sites, and about the people and culture who built them. Early archeological research focused on mounds and mortuary behavior (e.g., Squier and Davis 1848; Thomas 1894; Mills 1922; Moorehead 1922) and yielded a great deal of information about the artistic and ritual aspects of Hopewell life.
Site 33Ro27, Hopewell Mound Group, is one of the most extensively excavated and surveyed Hopewellian earthwork and mound complexes in Ohio. All of the site was privately owned by a number of families until October 1980, when the Archaeological Conservancy purchased most of the mounds and earthworks. The National Park Service purchased the Conservancy’s holdings in 1997 and recently acquired the rest of the earthwork (except for the southern edge) and part of the northern embankment. These areas are now managed by Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. The remainder of the earthwork and mounds (the southern edge of the embankment and the eastern half of the northern embankment, along with the mounds just east of the eastern edge of this part of the embankment) are still privately owned.
The prehistoric temple mound, located on the museum grounds, represents one of the most outstanding artifacts left by the early inhabitants of this community. Built as a ceremonial and political center by the Mound Builder Culture between 800-1400AD, this mound is the largest on salt water and possibly the largest prehistoric earthwork on the Gulf Coast. The Fort Walton Temple Mound stands 17 feet tall and measures 223 feet across its base. An estimated 500,000 basket loads of earth were used to create this earthen structure. In 1964 the Temple Mound was designated a National Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Historic Register.
Institute for Nautical Archaeology
Website contains a virtual museum, video library and information about the institution and its projects. The Vision: To develop at Texas A&M University "the world center for nautical archaeology" and maintain for the Institute world leadership in nautical archaeology. Contribute to the writing of the definitive histories of civilizations through the unique knowledge gained by Institute research. The Mission: To conduct significant archaeological research that will increase knowledge of the evolution of civilizations through the location and excavation of submerged or buried ships, submerged ruins, and their associated artifacts, and dissemination of the knowledge gained therefrom. To look for and excavate the most archaeologically important sites in the world. To assist in the professional training and education of future nautical archaeologists through their participation in Institute projects.
Institute of Archaeology - Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Institute was founded in 1934 as the Department of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1967 it became the Institute of Archaeology. Today the Institute is an independent research and teaching unit within the Faculty of Humanities, with a staff that provides administrative and scientific assistance as well as the technical facilities necessary to carry out its research projects. Academic programs include studies for B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in prehistoric, biblical and classical archaeology.
The OSU Excavations at Isthmia By permission of the Greek Ministry of Culture and with a permit through the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, The Ohio State University conducts a program of archaeological research, education, and publication at the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Isthmia. Isthmia was one of the four great Panhellenic sanctuaries, active from the Archaic period through the end of Antiquity, with a rich period of medieval use as well.
Excavation since 1994 has uncovered hundreds of thousands of artifacts dating to the first half of the 17th century. Nearly half of the objects date to the first years of English settlement (1607-1610). The site of James Fort was not washed into the river as most people believed for the past 200 years. We have uncovered over 250 feet of two palisade wall lines, the east cannon projection (bulwark), three filled in cellars, and a building, all part of the triangular James Fort. Also a palisade wall line and a large building were found attached to the main fort to the east.
Kimmswick - Mastodon State Historic Site
Mastodon State Historic Site contains an important archaeological and paleontological site - the Kimmswick Bone Bed, where scientists discovered the first solid evidence of the coexistence of humans and the American mastodon in eastern North America. At the end of the ice age that occurred from 35,000 to 10,000 years ago, the glaciers to the north were slowly melting as the earth warmed. Animals such as giant ground sloths, peccaries, and hairy, elephantlike mastodons roamed the Midwest. Paleontologists theorize that the area was once swampy and contained mineral springs. Animals that came to the springs may have become trapped in the mud, which helped preserve their bones. Early American Indians also had reached present-day Missouri by at least 12,000 years ago. For a brief period at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, the lives of humans and mastodons intertwined.
L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site of Canada
The reconstructions of three Norse buildings are the focal point of this archaeological site, the earliest known European settlement in the New World. The archaeological remains at the site were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978. Exhibits highlight the Viking lifestyle, artifacts, and the archaeological discovery of the site. Visitors can also explore the hiking trails to nearby bays and lakes.
La Venta | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
La Venta, a small island in the coastal wetlands of the Gulf of Mexico, had a rich array of agricultural and marine resources upon which to build a civilization. Recent excavations have established that small villages in the immediate area were growing maize as early as 1750 B.C., but the site reached its maximum size and importance from 1000 to 500 B.C. It was apparently abandoned by 400 B.C. First explored in 1925, La Venta has provided some of the most important archaeological finds from ancient Mesoamerica.
Laetoli Hominid Trackway (Conservation at the Getty)
Laetoli is a hominid and faunal fossil trackway site located in northern Tanzania. One of its trackways records unique evidence of bipedalism in hominids 3.6 million years ago. Dr. Mary Leakey originally excavated the site during 1978-1979. The Leakey team recorded the footprints using various techniques, and then reburied the trackway under soil, sand, and lava boulders.
The only extensive Folsom campsite yet known, providing a picture of the life of the Early Hunters (9000-3000 BC). The site is not open to the public, but information is available at www.ci.fort-collins.co.us.
This site contains reference material on identifying and cataloging North American lithics. Art Gumbus' LITHICS-Net is a non-profit World Wide Web site dedicated to those who ethically find, study, protect and preserve the lithic projectile point artifacts crafted by the aboriginal people who once habitated pre-historic North America. The LITHICS-Net project started out in 1993 as way for me to document some of the best point types in my projectile point collection. In 1993 LITHICS-Net existed only on my computer as a personal project. In 1997 LITHICS-Net was web hosted at American OnLine in their free members area. However, in late 2008 Americal Online withdrew the members area of their free web hosting site. So LITHICS-Net was offline for about 3 weeks. Now LITHICS-Net has its own new domain name and is hosted from a professional web hosting service.
Here on June 25, 1876, a large force made up mostly of Sioux and Southern Cheyenne warriors under Sitting Bull, Gall, and Crazy Horse overwhelmed Lt. Col. George A. Custer’s 7th Cavalry in one of the most complete defeats in American military history. Custer and approximately 210 men were slain in the famous "Custer’s Last Stand." Four miles away, up the Little Bighorn, along the bluffs overlooking the river, Maj. Marcus A. Reno and the rest of the regiment remained for two days until help arrived. Reno lost about 70 soldiers and Crow guides. The Indian victory was of short duration. By the spring of 1877, most of the Sioux and Cheyenne, including Crazy Horse, facing starvation and constant military pressure, finally surrendered and accepted reservation confinement. The National Park Service operates the site.
Louisiana Archaeological Society
Founded in 1974 and with a current membership of nearly 300, the Louisiana Archaeological Society (LAS) brings together professional and avocational archaeologists interested in investigating, interpreting, and preserving information on the prehistoric Indians and the early history of Louisiana. For a small membership fee you receive the Newsletter (published three times a year) and the bulletin, Louisiana Archaeology. A two-day annual meeting is held each year in a city around the state. There are active chapters in various parts of the state.
Louisiana Division of Archaeology
The Louisiana Division of Archaeology has state and federal roles relating to recording, protecting, and distributing information about the state's archaeological sites. The office provides: Free booklets about Louisiana archaeology, Information about Louisiana Archaeology Month, the Mardi Gras Shipwreck, Assistance with recording and protecting sites on private or state property, through the Regional Archaeology Program Research about and interpretation of Poverty Point State Historic Site through the Station Archaeology Program Care of artifacts from state lands or those donated to the state and archaeologists and agencies who need site information for planning, management, and research purposes Review of plans for federally sponsored, licensed, or assisted projects to consider their effect on archaeological sites Information about state law protecting unmarked burial sites Information about state law protecting sites and artifacts on state land and underwater
Lowry Pueblo: Archaeology in Southwest Colorado
Lowry Pueblo had a total of about 40 rooms and 8 kivas at its peak in the early 11th century, and was home to approximately 100 people. The pueblo was arranged in a roughly rectangular block, with some portions reaching as high as three stories. A great kiva, constructed outside the eastern limits of the village, is nearly 50 feet in diameter.
LSU Journalfind: Prehistoric Archaeology E-Journals
These are the prehistoric archaeology electronic journals available to LSU affiliated patrons or to patrons on site (Middleton Library).
Machu Picchu - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Machu Picchu stands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna.
The Virtual Institute of Mambila Studies seeks to collate and connect the different research and researchers with an interest in the Mambila people of the Nigeria - Cameroon borderland and their neighbours; their languages and the area in which they live. We take a broad view of Mambila, including other groups speaking related languages such as Kwanja, Vute, Wawa, Nizaa, Njerep (3 speakers at last count!) Twendi (35 speakers), Tep, and others. Our research is primarily of an anthropological and linguistic nature; abstracts or full texts of papers are available at the site. The currently available work includes reports on Zeitlyn's research on kinship and language and his annotated version of Meek's early ethnological work in the region, and Connell's comparative linguistic research and work on tone realization in Mambila, as well as a full bibliography of anthropological, linguistic, and related research on Mambila.
Mammoth Cave National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Mammoth Cave National Park preserves the cave system and a part of the Green River valley and hilly country of south central Kentucky. This is the world's longest cave system, with more than 365 miles explored. Early guide Stephen Bishop called the cave a "grand, gloomy and peculiar place," but its vast chambers and complex labyrinths have earned its name: Mammoth.
Mammoth Cave National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Mammoth Cave National Park preserves the cave system and a part of the Green River valley and hilly country of south central Kentucky. This is the world's longest cave system, with more than 365 miles explored. Early guide Stephen Bishop called the cave a "grand, gloomy and peculiar place," but its vast chambers and complex labyrinths have earned its name: Mammoth
The Marksville culture, a southeastern variant of the Hopewell culture centered in Ohio and Illinois, was characterized by elaborate mortuary ceremonialism, the construction of conical burial mounds, complex trade networks, decorative pottery, and the importation of certain raw materials. It is also possible that agriculture of a limited nature, such as the horticulture of native plants, had begun by this time.
Masada - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Masada is a rugged natural fortress, of majestic beauty, in the Judaean Desert overlooking the Dead Sea. It is a symbol of the ancient kingdom of Israel, its violent destruction and the last stand of Jewish patriots in the face of the Roman army, in 73 A.D. It was built as a palace complex, in the classic style of the early Roman Empire, by Herod the Great, King of Judaea, (reigned 37 – 4 B.C.). The camps, fortifications and attack ramp that encircle the monument constitute the most complete Roman siege works surviving to the present day.
Mayapan Project - Grinnell College
The Mayapan project is directed at reconstructing the relationships between political and economic organization at Postclassic Mayapan.
Meadowcroft - Heinz History Center
Meadowcroft Rockshelter, the oldest site of human habitation in North America, provides a unique glimpse into the lives of prehistoric hunters and gathers. This National History Landmark, located in Avella, Washington County, Pa., features a massive, 16,000-year-old rock overhang used by our earliest ancestors for shelter.
Meadowcroft Rock Shelter and Museum of Rural Life
The new enclosure on the 16,000 year old Rockshelter, the earliest site of human habitation in North America will help preserve the world-renowned archaeological excavation site for future generations. With renovations now completed, visitors can see evidence of tools and campfires made by some of the first Americans thousands of years ago. The new observation deck at the Rockshelter will allow families and large groups to explore the oldest and deepest parts of the National Historic Landmark with trained, on-site interpreters who will explain what life was like for our earliest ancestors. The Rockshelter was officially open to the public beginning May 10th, 2008.
Mesa Verde National Park (U.S. National Park Service)
Mesa Verde, Spanish for green table, offers a spectacular look into the lives of the Ancestral Pueblo people who made it their home for over 700 years, from A.D. 600 to A.D. 1300. Today, the park protects over 4,000 known archeological sites, including 600 cliff dwellings. These sites are some of the most notable and best preserved in the United States.
Mesoweb is devoted to the ancient cultures of Mexico and adjacent Central America, including the Olmec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Teotihuacan, Toltec, Aztec and Maya (reserving the word Mayan for the language and the word Maya for the people and their culture). This is, of course a huge area for any one website to cover, and so we have chosen to specialize in the Maya and, more particularly, Maya history, viewing it through the lens of archaeology and the related disciplines and the written records left by the Maya themselves.
Greek archaeology sites cataloged and viewable with Quick Time movies.
MIDWEST BIOARCHAEOLOGY AND FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY ASSOCIATION (BARFAA)
Welcome to the BARFAA homepage. BARFAA was formed in 1994 in an effort to support communication between physical anthropologists and interested students on both formal and informal levels. Our organization consists of over 300 members who have a common interest in bioarchaeology, paleopathology, and forensic anthropology. Membership to our organization is free and is open to all interested parties. We meet annually in late Fall. The proceedings of our meetings are published online, and usually include abstracts and submitted papers by participating researchers.
A visit to Mission San Luis transports you back in time. Your destination is a community where Apalachee Indians and newcomers from Spain live in close proximity drawn together by religion as well as military and economic purpose.
Mississippi Archaeological Association
The Mississippi Archaeological Association is an organization of professional archaeologists and lay people actively involved with archaeology and archaeological preservation, uniting in a common effort to understand the prehistory and history of Mississippi and the surrounding region. Anyone who has a sincere interest in the cultural heritage of the state and is dedicated to the preservation of that heritage for all to enjoy is eligible for membership. The Association has as one of its important objectives the mission of encouraging scientific archaeological investigations and supports the dissemination to the public of information from these investigations in its publications, which are received by its members as a benefit of membership.
Mohenjo-daro the Ancient Indus Valley City in Photographs
Mohenjo Daro, or "Mound of the Dead" is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization city that flourished between 2600 and 1900 BCE. It was one of the first world and ancient Indian cities. The site was discovered in the 1920s and lies in Pakistan's Sindh province. Only a handful of archaeologists have excavated here, described in the introduction and illustrated essay Mohenjodaro: An Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis. These 103 indexed images were taken over 30 years. Most have not been published before. These images can also be seen on on ImageofAsia.com where they can be commented on, emailed, downloaded and much more. You can even run them as a slideshow on your iGoogle homepage. We also have a Facebook Page.
Monte Albán | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Exploiting the prime agricultural land around the rivers that form the three main arms of the Valley of Oaxaca, the Zapotec residents of San José Mogote constructed the first permanent structures dedicated to public rituals in about 600 B.C., when a slab carved with a reclining figure—almost certainly a slain captive—and a calendrical glyph ("1 Earthquake") was set in the corridor of one of the buildings. It is one of the earliest examples of writing in Mesoamerica.
Montezuma Castle National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
Gaze through the windows of the past into one of the best preserved cliff dwellings in North America. This 20 room high-rise apartment, nestled into a towering limestone cliff, tells a 1,000 year-old story of ingenuity and survival in an unforgiving desert landscape. Marveling at this enduring legacy of the Sinagua culture reveals a people surprisingly similar to ourselves.
Moundville Archaelogical Museum - An Archaelogical Sketch of Moundville
The Moundville site, occupied from around A.D. 1000 until A.D. 1450, is a large settlement of Mississippian culture on the Black Warrior River in central Alabama. At the time of Moundville's heaviest residential population, the community took the form of a three hundred-acre village built on a bluff overlooking the river.
Murray Springs Clovis Site - San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Arizona
Murray Springs is a significant archeology site that contains an undisturbed stratigraphic record of the past 40,000 years. Excavations were conducted by the University of Arizona from 1966 to 1971 under the direction of Dr. Vance Haynes and funded by the National Geographic Society.
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ - Home
Since its opening in 1998, Te Papa has built a worldwide reputation for its fresh and bold approach to presenting a nation’s treasures and stories. In that time, over ten million people have come to enjoy this unique museum experience. Te Papa is a waharoa, a gateway, to an encounter with the essence of New Zealand’s land and people. Wonderful taonga (Māori cultural treasures), art, and objects are presented through fascinating stories, thought-provoking interpretations, and engaging interactives.
The Museum of Ontario Archaeology is a unique Canadian museum devoted to the study, display, and interpretation of the human occupation of Southwestern Ontario over the past 11,000 years. The Museum is located beside the Lawson Prehistoric Iroquoian Village, a site occupied by the Neutral Iroquoians in the 16th century A.D.
Naco, Arizona, Archaeology on the Border
The Naco Port of Entry (POE) is located in southern Cochise County, approximately six miles south of Bisbee, 35 miles west of Douglas, and directly across the border from Naco, Sonora, Mexico. The present population of the unincorporated town of Naco, Arizona, is about 700.
Nakbe was first reported in 1930 by an aerial expedition from the University of Pennsylvania but was not visited by any scholars until archeologist Ian Graham located and mapped a portion of the site in 1962. Graham called it Nakbe, which means "by the road" in Yucatec Maya, a fitting name since a major ancient cause way can be observed extending across the bajo from El Mirador toward the site. My exploratory visit, in 1987, was to expand on my research at El Mirador, then the earliest-known Maya urban settlement. Two years later, in February 1989, a joint expedition sponsored by the Guatemalan Institute of Anthropology and History and the University of California at Los Angeles began systematic excavation and map ping of the site center, using 125 mules to transport supplies and equipment.
The site of Namu contains an archaeological record that spans nearly 10,000 years from the earliest times into the historic period. An overview of the history and prehistory of Namu are presented in this pictoral gallery by the Department of Archaeology at Simon Fraser University, with thanks to Dr. Roy Carlson.
National Association for the Practice of Anthropology (NAPA): Welcome
Founded in 1983, NAPA strives to promote the practice of anthropology, both within the discipline and among private and public organizations. NAPA continues to grow as anthropologists engaged in practice have developed broader professional opportunities both inside and outside the Academic realm.
National Endowment for the Humanities
NEH is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities.
National Museum of the American Indian
The National Museum of the American Indian is the sixteenth museum of the Smithsonian Institution. It is the first national museum dedicated to the preservation, study, and exhibition of the life, languages, literature, history, and arts of Native Americans. Established by an act of Congress in 1989, the museum works in collaboration with the Native peoples of the Western Hemisphere to protect and foster their cultures by reaffirming traditions and beliefs, encouraging contemporary artistic expression, and empowering the Indian voice.
National Museum of Scotland: Explore Scotland’s story. Then discover the world! Chambers Street, Edinburgh. National War Museum: Follow the story of Scotland’s military past at Edinburgh Castle. National Museum of Costume: Explore a century of elegance and style at Shambellie House, near Dumfries. National Museum of Rural Life: What was it like to live and work on a farm in the 1950s? Come and find out at Kittochside, East Kilbride! National Museum of Flight: Follow the story of flight from bi-planes to Concorde and enjoy the atmosphere at East Fortune Airfield, East Lothian. National Museums Collection Centre: Where else would you find a collection of 1.2 million insects, all under one roof?
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is a Federal law passed in 1990. NAGPRA provides a process for museums and Federal agencies to return certain Native American cultural items -- human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony -- to lineal descendants, and culturally affiliated Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations. In addition, NAGPRA authorizes Federal grants to Indian tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, and museums to assist with the documentation and repatriation of Native American cultural items, and establishes the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Review Committee to monitor the NAGPRA process and facilitate the resolution of disputes that may arise concerning repatriation under NAGPRA.
NativeWiki is a free, open-to-the-public library of information about indigenous nations and peoples (past and present) of the world. We feature major sections on Nations and Peoples, Documents and Materials, Geographic Regions and a Picture Gallery of selected images. Begun in April, 2007, we currently have 1,309 content pages, 1,177 media files, and 2,286 registered contributors.
The museum is operated by the Neanderthal Museum Foundation. It cultivates the cultural heritage "Neanderthal" for the general public as well as for specialist research. Initially, the foundation has been supported by the District of Mettmann and the Neanderthal Museum Association. The museum is only partly run by public funds. Most of the museum's fund is carried by entrance fees and proceeds from sales. In 1996, the construction and arrangement of the museum was supported by NRW-Stiftung Natur, Heimat and Kultur and RWE. Since 2002, new supporters joined: Kreissparkasse Düsseldorf, the Rhineland Regional Council (LVR), as well as the cities of Erkrath and Mettmann.
New World Cultures at the EMuseum @ Minnesota State University Mankato
Introductory information on indigenous cultures of the Americas (New World).
The UC Berkeley Digital Nineveh Archives was initiated in December 2005, and has been made possible by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities initiative, Recovering Iraq's Past. In December 2007 additional support was provided by the British Universities Iraq Consortium. The project, directed by David Stronach and Eleanor Wilkinson, began digitizing only the field records from the University of California at Berkeley Expedition to Nineveh 1987, 1989 and 1990. It has grown to accommodate knowledge contributed by other archaeologists past, present and future, in what has the potential to be first comprehensive archaeological reckoning of the history of the site, from the 19th century through to today.
Norton Mounds | Public Museum, Grand Rapids
The Norton Mounds, a property of the Public Museum since 1936, are 13 Hopewell burial mounds near the Grand River a few miles southwest of downtown Grand Rapids in Millennium Park. The largest remaining mound is 15 feet high and 80 feet in diameter. Hopewell is a scientific name given to an ancient civilization that flourished over 2,000 years ago from the Upper Peninsula to the Gulf Coast. The Norton Mounds site, one of the best preserved Hopewellian cemeteries in the country and one of the most important archaeological sites in Michigan, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
NPS Archeology Program: Ancient Architects of the Mississippi
WONDERS OF GEOMETRIC PRECISION, the earthworks of the lower Mississippi were centers of life long before the Europeans arrived in America. As was the river itself. The alluvial soil of its banks yielded a bounty of beans, squash, and corn to foster burgeoning communities. Over the Mississippi’s waters, from near and far, came prized pearls, copper, and mica.
Old World Cultures at the EMuseum @ Minnesota State University Mankato
Introductory information on cultures of the Old World (Europe, Middle East, Asia, Africa and Pacific).
Olduvai Gorge - Ngorongoro Conservation Area - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
A large permanent concentration of wild animals can be found in the huge and perfect crater of Ngorongoro. Nearby, the crater of Empakaai, filled by a deep lake, and the active volcano of Oldonyo Lenga can be seen. Excavations carried out in the Olduvai Gorge, not far from there, have resulted in the discovery of one of our more distant ancestors, Homo habilis. Laitoli Site, which also lies within the area, is one of the main localities of early hominid footprints, dating back 3.6 million years.
Oriental Institute | The Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Hebrew MSS Project
The Dead Sea Scrolls Project was established by the Oriental Institute during the months that followed the freeing of the scrolls (autumn 1991). The project was originally staffed by Dr. Norman Golb, Professor of Jewish History and Civilization, Dr. Michael Wise, Assistant Professor of Aramaic, as well as by our graduate research assistant, Anthony Tomasino. From the beginning the project developed in several directions. First and foremost, there was the challenging task of deciphering and translating, from photographs, the manuscripts from Qumran Cave Four that had previously remained unpublished. Another aspect has been to explore the overall problem of identification of the authors of the scrolls and, increasingly, to examine the specifics of the Khirbet Qumran site and the theory that the manuscripts found in the nearby caves were composed by a sect ostensibly living there.
The Project is a joint venture of the Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute (PARI) and Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). The current excavations at Temple XX are being sponsored by the Center for the History of Ancient American Art and Cultures (CHAAAC), under the directorship of Professor Nikolai Grube at the University of Texas.
Today, the Paleopathology Association is composed of researchers, scientists, and students from many fields, including physical anthropology, medicine, archaeology, and egyptology from around the world. Membership is open to all who are interested. Members are dedicated to sharing information, ideas and resources. Our annual meeting in North America, and biennial meeting in Europe, focus on the dissemination of information, discussions on issues germane to the field, skill building, and collegiality. The Paleopathology Newsletter, a quarterly publication, helps keep members up to date and in close touch with one another.
Paleopathology of the Crow Creek Massacre site
In the mid-fourteenth century A.D., more than 486 individuals were massacred at the Crow Creek Site, 39BF11, located on the east bank of the Missouri River in South Dakota. In the study of their remains, a search was made for diseases, anomalies, and abnormalities which had affected these people during life and had left an imprint on their bones. Because the villagers had apparently lived and died together in a pre-White contact Initial Contact village and were ancestral to the Arikara, data from the study could provide important information about them, their lifestyle, and also regarding the health status of the aborigines in the pre-Columbian era.
Parkin Archeological State Park & research lab near St. Francis River in E. Ark
Parkin Archeological State Park in eastern Arkansas at Parkin preserves and interprets the Parkin site on the St. Francis River where a 17-acre Mississippi Period American Indian village was located from A.D. 1000 to 1550. A large platform mound on the river bank remains. The site is important for understanding the history and prehistory of northeast Arkansas. There were once many archeological sites similar to Parkin throughout this region, but they did not survive as eastern Arkansas was settled.
PAST is a non-profit educational and research team that puts together partnerships on compelling projects in Anthropology and makes the work available to students and the public through field schools, documentary film and interactive web access.
Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park
The largest Middle Woodland Period (ca. 200 B.C.-A.D. 400) archaeological site in the Southeast, Pinson Mounds is located about ten miles south of Jackson on the South Fork of the Forked Deer River. Within an area of approximately four hundred acres, the site includes at least twelve mounds, a geometric earthen enclosure, and associated ritual activity areas. While the site's large size and immense volume of earth fill are very impressive, the presence of five large rectangular platform mounds (ranging in height from 7 to 72 feet) of Middle Woodland age underscores the unique nature of the Pinson Mounds site.
Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park
Pinson Mounds, one of two state archaeological parks, is a special park, set aside to protect the prehistoric remains found there. Managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation's Division of State Parks, the Pinson Mounds grouping consists of at least 15 earthen mounds, a geometic enclosure, habitation areas and related earthworks in an area that incorporates almost 1,200 acres. Pinson Mounds is a national historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford
The Pitt Rivers Museum cares for one of the world's great collections. It is equally famous for its celebrated displays and its leading role in contemporary research and museum curatorship. This site introduces visitors to both.
Population Movements & Migration
An historical overview of migratory movements, this tutorial focuses on diasporas to and within Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean from Europe, Asia, and Africa. Population movements have been occurring for tens of thousands of years and continue to the present day. We shall examine the demographic, economic, cultural, and political nature of major movements, as well as consider their growth and development, their regional and global causes, and their impact.
Poverty Point is indeed a rare remnant of an exceptional culture. It has been estimated that it took at least five million hours of labor to build the massive earthworks. Considering that the laborers carried this dirt to the site in baskets of about a 50-pound capacity, it is obvious that this was a great communal engineering feat. Dated between 1650 and 700 B.C., this site of more than 400 acres is unique among archaeological sites on this continent. In 1962, Poverty Point was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior. An interpretive museum, special events, programs and guided tours, highlight activities at the park.
Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park
Pueblo Grande Museum is located at a 1,500 year-old Hohokam village ruins in modern day Phoenix. For over 70 years the museum has been dedicated to the study and interpretation of the Hohokam culture. On the 102 acre park grounds, visitors explore the ruin of an 800 year-old platform mound possibly used by the Hohokam for ceremonies or as an administrative center. An excavated ballcourt, and to full-scale reproductions of prehistoric Hohokam homes can be viewed along the ruin trail. The site also includes some of the last remaining intact Hohokam irrigation canals.
Royal Anthropological Institute
The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is the world's longest-established scholarly association dedicated to the furtherance of anthropology (the study of humankind) in its broadest and most inclusive sense. The Institute is a non-profit-making registered charity and is entirely independent, with a Director and a small staff accountable to the Council, which in turn is elected annually from the Fellowship. It has a Royal Patron in the person of HRH The Duke of Gloucester KG, GCVO.
The Royal BC Museum Corporation is one of the foremost cultural institutions in the world. The museum was founded in 1886; the archives in 1894. In 2003 these two organizations integrated to become British Columbia's combined provincial museum and archives, collecting artifacts, documents and specimens of BC's natural and human history, safeguarding them for the future, and sharing them with the world.
Russell Cave National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)
For more than 10,000 years, Russell Cave was home to prehistoric peoples. Russell Cave provides clues to the daily lifeways of early North American inhabitants dating from 6500 B.C. to 1650 A.D. The cave shelter archaeological site contains the most complete record of prehistoric cultures in the Southeast.
SAA (Society for American Archaeology) Publication Style Guide
The publication style guide for the Society for American Archaeology. Use this style guide for all SAA publications, such as American Antiquity. It is also useful for proper formatting of archaeology specific writing.
SAAweb - Society for American Archaeology
The mission of the Society for American Archaeology is to expand understanding and appreciation of humanity's past as achieved through systematic investigation of the archaeological record. The society leads the archaeological community by promoting research, stewardship of archaeological resources, public and professional education, and the dissemination of knowledge. To serve the public interest, SAA seeks the widest possible engagement with all segments of society, including governments, educators, and indigenous peoples, in advancing knowledge and enhancing awareness of the past.
SAFN | Society for the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition
The Society for the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition (SAFN), formerly known as the Council on Nutritional Anthropology (CNA), was organized in 1974 in response to the increased interest in the interface between social sciences and human nutrition. SAFN has the following objectives: To encourage research and exchange of ideas, theories, methods and scientific information relevant to understanding the socio-cultural, behavioral and political-economic factors related to food and nutrition; To provide a forum for communication and interaction among scientists sharing these interests and with other appropriate organizations; To promote practical collaboration among social and nutritional scientists at the fields and program levels.
Samarra is located on the east bank of the middle Tigris in Iraq, 125 km north of Baghdad, Between 836 (221 H) and 892 (279 H) it was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphs. Samarra expanded to an occupied area of 57 km², one of the largest cities of ancient times, whose remains of collapsed pisé and brick walls are still largely visible. Samarra is now one of the largest archaeological sites in the world.
Santa Cruz Island (U.S. National Park Service) - Channel Islands National Park
The island is also rich in cultural history with 9,000 years of Chumash Native American Indian habitation and over 150 years of European exploration and ranching. Santa Cruz Island, known by the Chumash people as “Limuw”(translates to “in the sea”) was home to a dozen villages that housed over 1,000 people. Many of these islanders mined extensive chert deposits for tools and produced “shell-bead money,” used as a major trade item by tribes throughout California. The largest village on the island as well as on the northern Channel Islands, “Swaxil,” occupied the area of Scorpion Ranch at the time of Spanish contact (1542). Large plank canoes, called “tomols,” provided transportation between the islands and mainland. Remnants of their civilization can still be seen in thousands of “shell middens” on the island. Remnants of the ranching era also can be seen throughout the landscape of the island.
Atop a plateau overlooking the Brush Creek Valley, Serpent Mound is the largest and finest serpent effigy in the United States. Nearly a quarter of a mile long, Serpent Mound apparently represents an uncoiling serpent. In the late nineteenth-century Harvard University archaeologist Frederic Ward Putnam excavated Serpent Mound and attributed the creation of the effigy to the builders of the two nearby burial mounds, which he also excavated. We now refer to this culture as the Adena (800 BC-AD 100). A third burial mound at the park and a village site near the effigy's tail belong to the Fort Ancient culture (AD 1000-1550).
The Archaeology and CRM Professional's Resource for Jobs, RFP's, News, and Gear + New International Field Schools Directory
Simon Fraser University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
The Simon Fraser University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology collects, researches and exhibits artifacts from around the world, with a focus on British Columbia. The Museum is affiliated with the Department of Archaeology. The physical gallery is featured in some of these web pages. The examples of "totem poles" carved by First Nations artists are a feature of the exhibit space. These are all on loan to the university from the Royal British Columbia Museum in Victoria. A large and growing archive of images having to do with archaeology and ethnology is the basis of many of our virtual exhibits. If you have photographs you think the museum might be interested in, please contact Dr. Barbara Winter at bwinter@sfu.ca or (604) 291-3325.
Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges
SACC's major interests are in the teaching of anthropology, sharing teaching strategies, and addressing related issues. Other SACC interests involve increasing the visibility of community colleges, working with colleges and universities, and contributing to K-12 anthropology. As an independent organization and as part of the AAA, SACC has held its own annual meetings (18 meetings from 1987 to 2006) and has met as an organization at the AAA's annual meetings held around the country.
Society for Archaeological Sciences
The Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS) was founded to establish a forum for communication among scholars applying methods from the physical sciences to archaeology and to aid the broader archaeological community in assessing the potentials and problems of those methods.
Society for East Asian Anthropology: SEAA
The Purpose of the Section: To advance the anthropological study of East Asian societies and cultures, and other societies/cultures and diasporic and transnational communities with historical or contemporary ties to East Asia. To encourage and facilitate greater scholarly communications and collaborations among East Asianist anthropologists working and teaching in various societies within and outside of East Asia.
Society for Humanistic Anthropology
Humanism has historically made the human endeavor the subject of its concerns. Humanistic anthropology seeks to bring the intellectual resources of the discipline to bear upon this subject. While not blind to the constraints within which we humans operate, humanistic anthropology, in the tradition of the discipline, celebrates that human reality is something upon which we creative primates have real feedback effects: we can change our social and natural environment. Accordingly, it recognizes that anthropological inquiry constitutes a part of that work, particularly in promoting multicultural understanding and revealing the social blockages that are deleterious to our social and physical environment.
Society for Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology
The first chapter of SLACA was founded by the American Anthropological Association (AAA) in 1969 to advance the study of Latin American anthropology. In 2005, the Society's membership offically approved the adoption of "Caribbean" to the Society's name to reflect the connections between the Latin American and Caribbean regions. SLACA provides a forum for discussion of current research, scholarly trends, and human rights concerns, as well as a space for interchange among scholars from and who work in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Society for the Anthropology of Europe
The purposes of the organization, as announced in the organizing letter that went out to colleagues in 1986, were: Strengthening national and international networks between colleagues. Providing forums for discussion and debate Encouraging comparative research Enhancing the visibility and legitimacy of Europeanist anthropology, both within the discipline and among other Europeanist groups Facilitating dissemination of information about employment opportunities, grants, visiting European scholars, and other resources Promoting the professional integration of students specializing in Europe.
Society for the Anthropology of North America
The goal of the Society for the Anthropology of North America is to address the need for a focused voice and institutional presence for the Anthropology of the United States, Canada and Mexico. While elements of our research tradition are addressed by applied, medical, educational, political and urban anthropology, among others, no previously organized anthropological society has focused upon this region as an "area." In order to place our research findings in historical perspective and to continue developing theoretically, it is important that we acknowledge our area context and begin to analyze it systematically within broad frameworks such as ethnicity, race, class, gender and structured inequality.
Society for the Anthropology of Religion
The section has been formed to facilitate teaching and research in the anthropological study of religion. This includes anthropological approaches to religion from all the subdisciplines: cultural anthropology, archaeology, physical anthropology, etc. We also intend to encourage and help provide avenues for enhanced communication among scholars sharing the interests of anthropology and religion.
Society for the Anthropology of Work
The purposes for which SAW is formed are (a) to advance the study of work in all its aspects, by anthropologists from all areas of the discipline; and (b) to encourage the communication of such study.
Society for Urban, National, and Transnational/Global Anthropology
SUNTA, a section of the American Anthropological Association, concerns itself with theories, problems, processes, and institutions of urban, national and transnational life. Urban life and problems in the modern world are interrelated with national and transnational institutions (especially globalizing capitalism), processes, and forces.
Society of Lesbian and Gay Anthropologists
This section of the website is to keep members informed of news, events, procedures, and ongoing discussions within the organization. In time, it will grow to include the history of SOLGA including past editions of the SOLGAN and columns from the Anthropology Newsletter.
Soil Classification | NRCS Soils
he Director, Soil Survey Division, is responsible for: overall policy formulation; budget development and implementation; program development and implementation; collaboration with others at the national and international level to carry out National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) activities; oversight of national soil survey activities; coordination of staff functions; coordination of soil survey reports and publications throughout the nation; coordination of soil survey information used in NRCS policy and programs; and development of user feedback mechanisms. The Director also is responsible for coordinating international soil survey activities.
Southeastern Archaeological Conference
The Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC) was founded in response to the tremendous increase in federally-funded archaeological work in the Southeast during the 1930s. As noted by Stephen Williams (1960), projects in Louisiana, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia especially were generating more archaeological data every six months than in the "several previous decades". SEAC was created to allow excavators to quickly share new data with each other and to standardize ceramic types. In the fall of 1937, James A. Ford and James B. Griffin sent their colleagues a six-page mimeographed letter proposing a "Conference on Pottery Nomenclature for the Southeastern United States".
Tel Dor (Kh. el-Burj), is a large mound located on Israel's Mediterranean coast, about 30 km south of Haifa. It is identified with D-jr of Egyptian sources, Biblical Dor, and with Dor/Dora of Greek and Roman sources. The documented history of the site begins in the Late Bronze Age (though the town itself was founded in the Middle Bronze Age, c. 2000 BCE), and ends in the Crusader period. The port dominated the fortunes of the town throughout its 3000-odd year history. Dor was successively ruled by Canaanites 'Sea peoples' Israelites Phoenicians Assyrians Persians Greeks Romans Its primary role in all these diverse cultures was that of a commercial entrepot and a gateway between East and West.
Teotihuacan arose as a new religious center in the Mexican Highland, around the time of Christ. Although its incipient period (the first two centuries B.C.) is poorly understood, archaeological data show that the next two centuries (Tzacualli to Miccaotli phases; A.D. 1-200) were characterized by monumental construction, during which Teotihuacan quickly became the largest and most populous urban center in the New World. By this time, the city already appears to have expanded to approximately 20 square km, with about 60,000 to 80,000 inhabitants (Millon 1981:221).
The Israel Museum is the largest cultural institution in the State of Israel and is ranked among the leading art and archaeology museums in the world. Founded in 1965, the Museum houses encyclopedic collections, including the most extensive holdings of biblical and Holy Land archaeology in the world. In just forty years, the Museum has built a far-ranging collection of nearly 500,000 objects thanks to a legacy of gifts and the support from its circle of patrons worldwide.
The American Schools of Oriental Research
The American Schools of Oriental Research supports and encourages the study of the peoples and cultures of the Near East, from the earliest times to the present.
The Archaeology Channel - Welcome
The mission of ALI is to develop ways to make archaeology more effective both in gathering important information about past human lifeways and in delivering that information to the public and the profession. A fundamental postulate is that archaeology has important messages to deliver accurately and completely to people worldwide about our origins and development as a species and that among these messages are those about mistakes we have made in the past and must not make in the future. In essence, ALI is devoted to archaeological research and its contributions to science and to humanity. In the furtherance of this mission, ALI, its associates, and its employees adhere to the Principles of Archaeological Ethics promulgated by the Society for American Archaeology.
The Archaeology Division of the American Anthropological Association
The Archaeology Division of the American Anthropological Association was founded in 1983 to advance the study of archeology as an aspect of anthropology, to provide a forum for members to discuss issues central to the development of archeology, and to foster the publication and communication of the results of archeological research and interpretations to anthropologists, to other scholars, and to the general public. Members of the Archaeology Division receive the AAA flagship journal, the American Anthropologist, and publications in the Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association series.
The Eridu Temple ... a reconstruction
In Sumerian literature, dated around 2033B-1988BC, Eridu was located on the sea as found in a cuneiform chronicle of Shulgi, the king of UR. Although there is no sea nearby, it is believed that the city was on the shore of a marsh which occured when the banks of the Euphrates flooded. Also, geologists believe that the sea level in the middle of the forth millennium B.C. could have been three meters higher than it is at present.
The Evolutionary Anthropology Society
The Evolutionary Anthropology Society (EAS) is a section of the American Anthropological Association. We bring together all those interested in applying modern evolutionary theory to the analysis of human biology, behavior, and culture. This website describes our group’s activities. We welcome students, faculty, and anyone with similar interests to join the EAS and help us build a thriving community of researchers.
The General Anthropology Division
The General Anthropology Division (GAD) is an evolving coalition of anthropologists interested in what unifies and cross-cuts the discipline. It stimulates conversations that span the subfields and provides a home for emerging interests and ideas. It raises broad questions, fosters the emergence of new areas of inquiry, and examines the structures and conditions that shape our lives as anthropologists. GAD is also the umbrella for several committees that examine particular cross-disciplinary issues, such as the history of anthropology, science and technology studies, anthropological teaching, and the nature of anthropology in small programs. GAD publishes a bulletin, General Anthropology, and the FOSAP publication, ANTHRO-AT-LARGE.
The Historic New Orleans Collection
The Historic New Orleans Collection is a museum, research center, and publisher dedicated to the study and preservation of the history and culture of New Orleans and the Gulf South region. General and Mrs. L. Kemper Williams, collectors of Louisiana materials, established the institution in 1966 to keep their collection intact and available for research and exhibition to the public. Over the 40 years since its founding, The Historic New Orleans Collection has added to its holdings and augmented the physical structures that house them, established ambitious publishing and exhibition schedules, and developed innovative educational programs.
The Institute of History, Archaeology, and Education
The Institute of History, Archaeology, and Education, Inc. is a nonprofit organization dedicated to expanding the knowledge and appreciation of human cultures from ancient times to the present through an array of student, teacher, and public programs and activities. IHARE is a 501(c)3 company.
Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002) is one of history’s most famous scientists, adventurers and champions of the environment. The Kon-Tiki Museum houses original boats and exhibits from Thor Heyerdahl’s world famous expeditions. The museum is home to permanent exhibitions about: Ra, Tigris, Fatu-Hiva, Kon-Tiki, and Easter Island. It has a separate area for short-term exhibitions, as well as a 30 metre cave tour and an underwater exhibition containing a life-size 10-metre whale shark. The museum also has a cinema and souvenir shop. Competition for children and young people with great prizes.By visiting the Kon-Tiki Museum you can learn more about Thor Heyerdahl's most famous expeditions: the Fatu-Hiva expedition (1937-38), the Galapagos expedition (1952-53), the Kon-Tiki expedition (1947), the expeditions to Easter Island (1955-56 and 1986-88), the Ra expeditions (1969 and 1970), the Tigris expedition (1977-78), and the archaeological excavations in Túcume, Peru (1988-93).
his website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture which I had the privilege to see. The image mapping, "drill down," and hyperlink capabilities of the web made it an interesting medium for portraying these mysterious old places. I tried to build navigation paths through the photos which would reinforce spatial relationships and give a sense of place. The organization of this site mimics my own use of maps and old books as I tried to figure out where I had been and what I had seen.
The Middle East Section of The American Anthropological Association
The Middle East Section (MES) of the American Anthropological Association convenes anthropologists with an interest in the peoples, cultures and histories of the Middle East. Our membership is noteworthy for its disciplinary diversity: socio-cultural anthropologists, linguistic anthropologists, physical anthropologists and archaeologists, as well as practicing anthropologists from these subdisciplines, all participate actively in the section, and our membership thrives on the participation of members from the United States, the Middle East, and from other parts of the world. The activities of the MES, while ongoing, peak at the annual conference of the American Anthropological Association, where the MES sponsors sessions and panels proposed by its membership. The MES also awards an annual student paper prize.
The National Association of Student Anthropologists
The National Association of Student Anthropologists (NASA), the student section of the American Anthropological Association, was founded in 1985 to address graduate and undergraduate student concerns and to promote the interests and involvement of students as anthropologists-in-training. NASA provides a network of students across the subfields of anthropology and directly addresses issues that are of interest to both undergraduate and graduate students, including finding jobs, attending graduate school, fieldwork programs, networking, and much more!
The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean
This site contains information about the prehistoric archaeology of the Aegean. Through a series of lessons and illustrations, it traces the cultural evolution of humanity in the Aegean basin from the era of hunting and gathering (Palaeolithic-Mesolithic) through the early village farming stage (Neolithic) and the formative period of Aegean civilization into the age of the great palatial cultures of Minoan Crete and and Mycenaean Greece.
The Society for Anthropological Sciences
The Society for Anthropological Sciences (SAS) was organised to promote empirical research and social science in anthropology. The members of SAS want to further the development of anthropological science as empirical knowledge based on testable theory, sound research design and systematic methods for the collection and analysis of data. We seek to fulfill the historic mission of anthropology to describe and explain the range of variation in human biology, society, and culture across time and space.
The Society for Historical Archaeology
Formed in 1967, the Society for Historical Archaeology (SHA) is the largest scholarly group concerned with the archaeology of the modern world (A.D. 1400-present). The main focus of the society is the era since the beginning of European exploration. SHA promotes scholarly research and the dissemination of knowledge concerning historical archaeology. The society is specifically concerned with the identification, excavation, interpretation, and conservation of sites and materials on land and underwater. Geographically the society emphasizes the New World, but also includes European exploration and settlement in Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
Neandertals lived in Europe between about 150,000 to 30,000 years ago and their archaeological record is best known from different cave and rockshelter sites. One of these is Pech de l'Azé IV in southern France. It was initially test excavated in the 1950s and later in the 1970s by French prehistorians, who established the general sequence of occupations at the site, as well as describing the various types of stone tool assemblages found in the different layers. We decided to return to this site for more extensive excavations for several reasons. These include the fact that the lowest deposits in the sequence contain many hearths, an uncommon finding at a Neandertal site. There is also a very special stone tool assemblage (the Asinipodian) featuring extremely small stone artifacts in one of the layers.
The Sunghir Archaeological Site
The Sunghir archaeological site is situated near of Vladimir city, 192 km from Moscow (56°11" NL and 40°30" EL). The settlement was discovered in 1955. For 16 field seasons (1957-1977) an expedition under supervision of Otto N. Bader revealed 4500 m2 of the site area. Age of the settlement is defined from the disposal of the cultural layer in the so called Bryansk soil, connected with the corresponding interstadial of Valdai Ice age of Late Pleistocene. One of the first radiocarbon dates, obtained from collagen of reindeer bones in Groningen laboratory gives absolute age of 24430+/- 400 years ago (Gro 5446) and from charcoal - 25500+/- 200 years ago (Gro 5425).
The Wenner-Gren Foundation: Supporting Worldwide Research in All Branches of Anthropology
The Wenner-Gren Foundation has two major goals – to support significant and innovative anthropological research into humanity's biological and cultural origins, development and variation and to foster the creation of an international community of research scholars in anthropology.
The World Archaeological Congress
The World Archaeological Congress is a non-governmental, not-for-profit organization and is the only archaeological organisation with elected global representation. Its programs are run by members who give their time in a voluntary capacity. Membership is open to archaeologists, heritage managers, students and members of the public.
Atlas of the Valley of the Kings: Discover each tomb in the Valley in this interactive Atlas. Investigate a database of information about each tomb, view a compilation of more than 2000 images, interact with models of each tomb, and measure, pan, and zoom over 250 detailed maps, elevations, and sections. Experience sixty-five narrated tours by Dr. Weeks and explore a 3D recreation of tomb KV 14. Atlas of the Theban Necropolis: Explore the entire archaeological zone through this giant aerial photograph. Zoom in to see individual architectural details of temples and palaces as well as the topography of the area. Mouse over sites to get additional information about them.
Tikal National Park - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
In the heart of the jungle, surrounded by lush vegetation, lies one of the major sites of Mayan civilization, inhabited from the 6th century B.C. to the 10th century A.D. The ceremonial centre contains superb temples and palaces, and public squares accessed by means of ramps. Remains of dwellings are scattered throughout the surrounding countryside.
Tiwanaku Interactive Dig - Revealing Ancient Bolivia
The city of Tiwanaku is located on the southern shore of the famous Lake Titicaca along the border between Bolivia and Peru. During the heyday of this city was between A.D. 500 and 950, religious artifacts from the city spread across the southern Andes, but when the conquering Inka arrived in the mid-fifteenth century, the site had been mysteriously abandoned for half a millennium. Even after its abandonment, Tiwanaku continued to be an important religious site for the local people. It later became incorporated into Inka mythology as the birthplace of mankind as the Inka built their own structures alongside the ruins. Tiwanaku remains an integral locale in the religious lives of Andean people in the turbulent present of modern Bolivia. Although dozens of national and international projects began to unlock Tiwanaku's secrets during the last century, we are only recently beginning to piece together the puzzle behind the origin of this architectural marvel and the people who built it.
Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park near Little Rock
Arkansas's tallest remaining, prehistoric American Indian mounds are preserved at this National Historic Landmark site near Little Rock. The mounds and an earthen embankment are the remains of a large ceremonial and governmental complex that was inhabited here from A.D. 600 to 1050. Managed by Arkansas State Parks in conjunction with the Arkansas Archeological Survey, the Toltec site serves as both a state park and an archeological research station.
Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation.
Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation is ambitious in its scope but simple in its aims: to make the complete records of Howard Carter's excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun available on these web pages. It is astonishing, but no longer acceptable, that some eighty years and thousands of articles, hundreds of books, and dozens of exhibitions after the discovery of the tomb, this most famous event in the history of Egyptian archaeology has not yet been fully published. The documentation is presented in its original form and all, scholars, interested members of the public and school students, can consult it. We hope that this will help bring the knowledge and love of ancient Egypt to everybody.
UNC Writing Center Handout on Anthropology Writing Assignments
This handout briefly situates anthropology as a discipline of study within the social sciences. It provides an introduction to the kinds of writing that you might encounter in your anthropology courses, describes some of the expectations that your instructors may have, and suggests some ways to approach your assignments. It also includes links to information on citation practices in anthropology and resources for writing anthropological research papers.
UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Official Site
Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa’s Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world’s heritage. What makes the concept of World Heritage exceptional is its universal application. World Heritage sites belong to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are located.
Leonard Woolley made many exciting discoveries while excavating the 'Royal tombs' at Ur. He learnt a great deal about how people lived and what they believed by studying the burials. Explore some of the Royal tombs
Ute Mountain Tribal Park: Archaeology in Southwest Colorado
The Park encompasses approximately 125,000 acres around a 25 mile stretch of the Mancos River. Within the park are hundreds of surface sites and cliff dwellings, Ancestral Puebloan petroglyphs, and historic Ute wall paintings and petroglyphs.
Wahkpa Chu'gn Archaeological Site
Nestled in the shadow of the Bear Paw Mountains, on the road to everywhere in north central Montana, WAHKPA CHU'GN (pronounced walk-pa-chew-gun) is the most extensive and best preserved buffalo bone deposit in the northern Great Plains.
Passport in Time (PIT) is a volunteer archaeology and historic preservation program of the USDA Forest Service (FS). PIT volunteers work with professional FS archaeologists and historians on national forests throughout the U.S. on such diverse activities as archaeological survey and excavation, rock art restoration, survey, archival research, historic structure restoration, oral history gathering, and analysis and curation of artifacts. The FS professional staff of archaeologists and historians will be your hosts, guides, and co-workers.
Wikipedia:WikiProject Anthropology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Welcome to the Anthropology WikiProject. We are a group dedicated to improving Wikipedia's coverage of Anthropology. A WikiProject is a collection of pages devoted to the management of a specific topic or family of topics within Wikipedia; and, simultaneously, a group of editors who use those pages to collaborate on encyclopedic work. It is not a place to write encyclopedia articles directly, but a resource to help coordinate and organize the writing and editing of those articles. The discussion pages attached to a project page are a convenient forum for those interested in that project.
Windover Bog People Archaeological Dig - Titusville Florida
When the 3-year-old died, her parents placed her favorite toys in her arms, wrapped her in fabric woven from fibers of native plants, and buried her body in the soft, muck bottom of a small pond. Some 7,000 years later, when a young archaeologist uncovered her tiny remains, the toys--a wooden pestle-shaped object and the carapace of a small turtle--were still cradled in her arms. Most remarkable was the state of preservation of the child's bones and her toys, and the remains of some 167 other individuals and numerous artifacts found in that small pond in Windover Farms subdivision. The pond is about one mile southeast of the intersection of Highway 50 and I-95 and just outside the Titusville city limits where, today, a child's favorite toy may be a model of the space shuttle.
This small, isolated peat deposit contains artifacts and human burials dating to the Early Archaic period. It represents one of the largest collections of human skeletal material from its time period and one of the largest collections of fiber arts yet found at any archeological site in the New World.
Winterville Mounds, named for a nearby community, is the site of a prehistoric ceremonial center built by a Native American civilization that thrived from about A.D. 1000 to 1450. The mounds, part of the Winterville society's religious system, were the site of sacred structures and ceremonies.
World Lecture Hall publishes links to pages created by faculty worldwide who are using the Web to deliver course materials in any language. Some courses are delivered entirely over the Internet. Others are designed for students in residence. Many fall somewhere in between. In all cases, they can be visited by anyone interested in courseware on the Internet — faculty, developers, and curious students alike.
