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Ancient Indus Valley and the British Raj in India and Pakistan
Glimpses of South Asia before 1947 1,169 illustrated pages by the world's leading Ancient Indus Civilization scholars 774 photographs, postcards, lithographs, engravings, and old film of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka before 1947
Roman city in southeastern France. Site includes a virtual museum and tours.
Andaman Association, Lonely Islands - The Andamanese
This Web-site tries to limit itself (if "limit" is quite the right word for our cheerfully open-ended approach) to the time between 100,000 to 10,000 years ago.This period is also known as the Late Pleistocene or Ice Age. We have permitted ourselves stray exursions beyond the self-imposed time limits, provided they are relevant to our subject. Within those limits, our four major areas of interest are: 1. Andamanese Negrito people 2. Other Asian Negrito people (the Thai, Malaysian and Philippine Negritos as well as some Sri Lankan, Indian and Southeast Asian Negrito-like tribes 3. Ancient tribal people world-wide: we are interested in people anywhere in the world that may be as ancient as the Negrito are suspected to be. Such people are the Veddoid in Asia, the Khoisan and the Pygmies in Africa, the Australian aborigines, the Tasmanians, the Papuans, the Melanesians, the Austronesians, the Fuegians as well as some other populations, extinct and living.
Since the first trowel unearthed the first stone tool, archaeologists have sought to arrange sites and artifacts in the order in which they appeared. The first problem encountered when trying to determine the date of an ancient object is that in prehistoric times there were no written records to document the cultures of the past, so archaeologists relied on a system of relative dating to put things into context. In relative dating, a series of techniques are used that compares artifacts to determine which is older. Paleolimnology involves some of the relative dating techniques used. Unfortunately, relative dating techniques give us no idea of the actual age of an artifact or site.
Containing millions of collection records and close to 580 000 images from hundreds of museums across the country, this resource is used by national and international heritage professionals to research and discover the fascinating world of Canadian cultural and natural collections. Records with images are made more publicly accessible in the Virtual Museum of Canada’s Image Gallery.
Becoming Human: Paleoanthropology, Evolution and Human Origins
The Institute of Human Origins' (IHO) interactive online documentary, glossary and other resources on human evolutionary history. IHO conducts, interprets and publicizes scientific research on the human career. IHO’s unique approach brings together scientists from diverse disciplines to develop integrated, bio-behavioral investigations of human evolution. Through research, education, and the sponsorship of scholarly interaction, IHO advances scientific understanding of our origins and its contemporary relevance. Combining interdisciplinary expertise and targeted funding, IHO fosters the pursuit of integrated solutions to the most important questions regarding the course, cause and timing of events in human evolution.
California Academy of the Sciences - Anthropology Collections
The permanent research collection of the Department of Anthropology comprises approximately 16,000 objects, most of which are ethnographic. The Department actively collects material of the indigenous cultures of western North America (exclusive of Mexico) and of the Pacific Rim, including all Pacific islands and East Asia. Current strengths of the collection are holdings from the U.S. Southwest and the Pacific Islands, and basketry from California. Earlier years of collecting have yielded both ethnographic and archaeological materials from East Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Central and South America.
Chasseur de la Préhistoire. L'Homme de Tautavel il y a 450 000 ans.
The Arago cave (or "Caune", as it is also called) is one of the largest karstic caves in the southern Corbières region. The cave is located high up, overlooking the Tautavel Valley, and offering an unparalleled view of the surroundings. This observation post must have been ideal for prehistoric hunters, who could thus watch the movements of game. In addition, the Verdouble, flowing at the foot of the cliff, was a watering place where animals came to drink - thus offering an obvious advantage to the people of Tautavel. Near the former entrance to the cave, a path provided easy access to another hunting area: the plateau, located above the cave.
From 1997 to 2003 the UCLA Cultural Virtual Reality Laboratory (CVR Lab) created a digital model of the Roman Forum as it appeared in late antiquity. The notional date of the model is June 21, 400 A.D. From 2002 to 2005, with generous support from the National Science Foundation, the CVRLab was able to create this Web site about the digital Forum model. The purposes of this site are to use the Internet to permit free use and easy viewing of the digital model by people all over the world; to provide documentation for the archaeological evidence and theories utilized to create the model; and to offer basic information about the individual features comprising the digital model so that their history and cultural context can be readily understood.
EMuseum @ Minnesota State University Mankato
The EMuseum at Minnesota State University, Mankato is a completely virtual museum: we have no material collections but instead create and post exhibits and information via our webpage on the Internet. The EMuseum is affiliated with the Anthropology Department at Minnesota State University, Mankato and receives financial and other support from the Department, the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, the University, and several private individuals. We are a student-run organization with professional oversight.
Evolution of Evolution - 150 Years of Darwin's "On the Origin of Species"
The National Science Foundation created this resource with an excellent overview of evolutionary theory over the last 150 years. This online exhibit features a timeline of events, videos, images, and essays by scientists, such as Tim White and Ken Weiss. The online exhibit covers these areas of evolutionary science: Anthropology, Geosciences, Astronomy, Charles Darwin, Biology, and Polar Sciences.
Exploring Ancient World Cultures
Exploring Ancient World Cultures (EAWC) is an on-line course supplement for students and teachers of the ancient and medieval worlds. It features its own essays and primary texts. Over time it will include chapter-length histories for each of the eight "cultures" represented: The Near East, India, Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, Early Islam and Medieval Europe. Chapters on Rome, Greece and Medieval Europe will be appearing soon. In addition, to its own resources, EAWC also includes a substantial index of internet sites, divided into five sub-indices: a chronology, an essay index, an image index, an internet site index and an electronic text index. Each sub-index is divided into sections, including one for each of the cultures represented. We have included directions for using the internet index on the index's main page.
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, funded by the Heilbrunn Foundation, New Tamarind Foundation, and Zodiac Fund, is a chronological, geographical, and thematic exploration of the history of art from around the world, as illustrated especially by the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection. The Museum's curatorial, conservation, and education staff—the largest team of art experts anywhere in the world—research and write the Timeline, which is an invaluable reference and research tool for students, educators, scholars, and anyone interested in the study of art history and related subjects. First launched in 2000, the Timeline now extends from prehistory to the present day. It will continue to expand in scope and depth, and also reflect the most up-to-date scholarship.
This site contains reference material on identifying and cataloging North American lithics. Art Gumbus' LITHICS-Net is a non-profit World Wide Web site dedicated to those who ethically find, study, protect and preserve the lithic projectile point artifacts crafted by the aboriginal people who once habitated pre-historic North America. The LITHICS-Net project started out in 1993 as way for me to document some of the best point types in my projectile point collection. In 1993 LITHICS-Net existed only on my computer as a personal project. In 1997 LITHICS-Net was web hosted at American OnLine in their free members area. However, in late 2008 Americal Online withdrew the members area of their free web hosting site. So LITHICS-Net was offline for about 3 weeks. Now LITHICS-Net has its own new domain name and is hosted from a professional web hosting service.
The Virtual Institute of Mambila Studies seeks to collate and connect the different research and researchers with an interest in the Mambila people of the Nigeria - Cameroon borderland and their neighbours; their languages and the area in which they live. We take a broad view of Mambila, including other groups speaking related languages such as Kwanja, Vute, Wawa, Nizaa, Njerep (3 speakers at last count!) Twendi (35 speakers), Tep, and others. Our research is primarily of an anthropological and linguistic nature; abstracts or full texts of papers are available at the site. The currently available work includes reports on Zeitlyn's research on kinship and language and his annotated version of Meek's early ethnological work in the region, and Connell's comparative linguistic research and work on tone realization in Mambila, as well as a full bibliography of anthropological, linguistic, and related research on Mambila.
NativeWiki is a free, open-to-the-public library of information about indigenous nations and peoples (past and present) of the world. We feature major sections on Nations and Peoples, Documents and Materials, Geographic Regions and a Picture Gallery of selected images. Begun in April, 2007, we currently have 1,309 content pages, 1,177 media files, and 2,286 registered contributors.
The UC Berkeley Digital Nineveh Archives was initiated in December 2005, and has been made possible by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities initiative, Recovering Iraq's Past. In December 2007 additional support was provided by the British Universities Iraq Consortium. The project, directed by David Stronach and Eleanor Wilkinson, began digitizing only the field records from the University of California at Berkeley Expedition to Nineveh 1987, 1989 and 1990. It has grown to accommodate knowledge contributed by other archaeologists past, present and future, in what has the potential to be first comprehensive archaeological reckoning of the history of the site, from the 19th century through to today.
NPS Archeology Program: Ancient Architects of the Mississippi
WONDERS OF GEOMETRIC PRECISION, the earthworks of the lower Mississippi were centers of life long before the Europeans arrived in America. As was the river itself. The alluvial soil of its banks yielded a bounty of beans, squash, and corn to foster burgeoning communities. Over the Mississippi’s waters, from near and far, came prized pearls, copper, and mica.
Online Collections at Carnegie Museum of Natural History
This site provides access to data and images in the Museum collections. The online collections database is still under development, and at this time, only selected collections from the sections listed below are available online. As of September 2007, the number of available records was 871,828.
Oriental Institute | The Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Hebrew MSS Project
The Dead Sea Scrolls Project was established by the Oriental Institute during the months that followed the freeing of the scrolls (autumn 1991). The project was originally staffed by Dr. Norman Golb, Professor of Jewish History and Civilization, Dr. Michael Wise, Assistant Professor of Aramaic, as well as by our graduate research assistant, Anthony Tomasino. From the beginning the project developed in several directions. First and foremost, there was the challenging task of deciphering and translating, from photographs, the manuscripts from Qumran Cave Four that had previously remained unpublished. Another aspect has been to explore the overall problem of identification of the authors of the scrolls and, increasingly, to examine the specifics of the Khirbet Qumran site and the theory that the manuscripts found in the nearby caves were composed by a sect ostensibly living there.
Popular Anthropology is a free online magazine dedicated to fostering a much-needed dialogue between anthropologists and the general public. Anthropologists spend years conducting research and writing important articles that rarely reach the public. This magazine's objective is to construct a bridge between scientists and the public to inform, educate, and ultimately share that vast amount of knowledge in a manner that is both considerate and informative. Each issue contains Features submitted by social scientists working in the subfields of Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology. In addition, articles from other social scientists and interdisciplinary fields are also presented. Each issue features several Departments written by social scientists, including Social Science across the Globe, Primate News, and Global Education. The first issue is scheduled to be published in March 2010.
Popular Anthropology: Theses and Dissertations Database
Welcome to Popular Anthropology Magazine's free online Theses and Dissertations Database. This database is available free of charge to both scholars and the general public, and includes Bachelor's and Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations. You can search for publications here, and also submit your publications to the database as well. We accept theses and dissertations in any language and in any discipline.
Population Movements & Migration
An historical overview of migratory movements, this tutorial focuses on diasporas to and within Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean from Europe, Asia, and Africa. Population movements have been occurring for tens of thousands of years and continue to the present day. We shall examine the demographic, economic, cultural, and political nature of major movements, as well as consider their growth and development, their regional and global causes, and their impact.
Teotihuacan arose as a new religious center in the Mexican Highland, around the time of Christ. Although its incipient period (the first two centuries B.C.) is poorly understood, archaeological data show that the next two centuries (Tzacualli to Miccaotli phases; A.D. 1-200) were characterized by monumental construction, during which Teotihuacan quickly became the largest and most populous urban center in the New World. By this time, the city already appears to have expanded to approximately 20 square km, with about 60,000 to 80,000 inhabitants (Millon 1981:221).
The Archaeology Channel - Welcome
The mission of ALI is to develop ways to make archaeology more effective both in gathering important information about past human lifeways and in delivering that information to the public and the profession. A fundamental postulate is that archaeology has important messages to deliver accurately and completely to people worldwide about our origins and development as a species and that among these messages are those about mistakes we have made in the past and must not make in the future. In essence, ALI is devoted to archaeological research and its contributions to science and to humanity. In the furtherance of this mission, ALI, its associates, and its employees adhere to the Principles of Archaeological Ethics promulgated by the Society for American Archaeology.
The Eridu Temple ... a reconstruction
In Sumerian literature, dated around 2033B-1988BC, Eridu was located on the sea as found in a cuneiform chronicle of Shulgi, the king of UR. Although there is no sea nearby, it is believed that the city was on the shore of a marsh which occured when the banks of the Euphrates flooded. Also, geologists believe that the sea level in the middle of the forth millennium B.C. could have been three meters higher than it is at present.
his website was begun after my first visit to the Yucatan in 1995, and is an attempt to share photos and impressions of that astonishing ancient architecture which I had the privilege to see. The image mapping, "drill down," and hyperlink capabilities of the web made it an interesting medium for portraying these mysterious old places. I tried to build navigation paths through the photos which would reinforce spatial relationships and give a sense of place. The organization of this site mimics my own use of maps and old books as I tried to figure out where I had been and what I had seen.
Neandertals lived in Europe between about 150,000 to 30,000 years ago and their archaeological record is best known from different cave and rockshelter sites. One of these is Pech de l'Azé IV in southern France. It was initially test excavated in the 1950s and later in the 1970s by French prehistorians, who established the general sequence of occupations at the site, as well as describing the various types of stone tool assemblages found in the different layers. We decided to return to this site for more extensive excavations for several reasons. These include the fact that the lowest deposits in the sequence contain many hearths, an uncommon finding at a Neandertal site. There is also a very special stone tool assemblage (the Asinipodian) featuring extremely small stone artifacts in one of the layers.
The Sunghir Archaeological Site
The Sunghir archaeological site is situated near of Vladimir city, 192 km from Moscow (56°11" NL and 40°30" EL). The settlement was discovered in 1955. For 16 field seasons (1957-1977) an expedition under supervision of Otto N. Bader revealed 4500 m2 of the site area. Age of the settlement is defined from the disposal of the cultural layer in the so called Bryansk soil, connected with the corresponding interstadial of Valdai Ice age of Late Pleistocene. One of the first radiocarbon dates, obtained from collagen of reindeer bones in Groningen laboratory gives absolute age of 24430+/- 400 years ago (Gro 5446) and from charcoal - 25500+/- 200 years ago (Gro 5425).
Atlas of the Valley of the Kings: Discover each tomb in the Valley in this interactive Atlas. Investigate a database of information about each tomb, view a compilation of more than 2000 images, interact with models of each tomb, and measure, pan, and zoom over 250 detailed maps, elevations, and sections. Experience sixty-five narrated tours by Dr. Weeks and explore a 3D recreation of tomb KV 14. Atlas of the Theban Necropolis: Explore the entire archaeological zone through this giant aerial photograph. Zoom in to see individual architectural details of temples and palaces as well as the topography of the area. Mouse over sites to get additional information about them.
Tiwanaku Interactive Dig - Revealing Ancient Bolivia
The city of Tiwanaku is located on the southern shore of the famous Lake Titicaca along the border between Bolivia and Peru. During the heyday of this city was between A.D. 500 and 950, religious artifacts from the city spread across the southern Andes, but when the conquering Inka arrived in the mid-fifteenth century, the site had been mysteriously abandoned for half a millennium. Even after its abandonment, Tiwanaku continued to be an important religious site for the local people. It later became incorporated into Inka mythology as the birthplace of mankind as the Inka built their own structures alongside the ruins. Tiwanaku remains an integral locale in the religious lives of Andean people in the turbulent present of modern Bolivia. Although dozens of national and international projects began to unlock Tiwanaku's secrets during the last century, we are only recently beginning to piece together the puzzle behind the origin of this architectural marvel and the people who built it.
Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation.
Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation is ambitious in its scope but simple in its aims: to make the complete records of Howard Carter's excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun available on these web pages. It is astonishing, but no longer acceptable, that some eighty years and thousands of articles, hundreds of books, and dozens of exhibitions after the discovery of the tomb, this most famous event in the history of Egyptian archaeology has not yet been fully published. The documentation is presented in its original form and all, scholars, interested members of the public and school students, can consult it. We hope that this will help bring the knowledge and love of ancient Egypt to everybody.
Leonard Woolley made many exciting discoveries while excavating the 'Royal tombs' at Ur. He learnt a great deal about how people lived and what they believed by studying the burials. Explore some of the Royal tombs
